Jackie Robinson the Unexpected Hero free essay sample

Jackie Robinson dealt with segregation and ridicule beginning at a very young age. His mother raised him and his four siblings by herself, as the only African American family on their block. As one of five, he was forced to learn how to take care of himself, and playing sports was his way of escape. Due to financial difficulties, he was not able to finish college, so he enlisted in the U. S. Army. He was not in the army for long, however, because he was court-martial (later released), after refusing to make his way to the back of a military bus.Situations such as this made him stronger and more persistent in his efforts against racial discrimination. In 1945, after leaving the army, Robinson was signed to the Kansas City Monarchs in the Negro Baseball League. In 1947, the president of the Brooklyn Dodgers found Robinson and asked him to join the team. Robinson accepted the opportunity, with the knowledge that being the first African American player in the Major Leagues in many years, he would face many challenges. Many had strong beliefs about segregation and what the status differences between African Americans and Caucasians entailed.Robinson knew all of this, and the road that he would have to endure. He was using his involvement in baseball to make America more aware of the racist situation in the country. He would later be called a Revolutionist in a Baseball Suit. With Jackie Robinson joining the sport that so many Americans followed and enjoyed, history was in the making. Professor Stephen Butler spoke about what made Jackie Robinson a hero to people while he was alive, as well as what has kept him a hero to people today. Robinson was a relatable person, coming from a humble background.It is more accessible to Americans to look p to someone who grew up in our neighborhoods, and dealt with the same situations we deal with every day. Once he joins the U. S. Army, he is separated from his family, immediately after that, he is separated again after he joining to Negro Baseball League. His mission IS now to help aid the effort to desegregate the Major Leagues. Branch Rickety, the President of the Brooklyn Dodgers, becomes his mentor. He gives him the ability to play for the Major Leagues, and begin to reach his ultimate goal. While he played for the Dodgers he was met with ridicule and prejudice from those who were assist.Many were not ready for the change that Robinson was bringing about. For many years African Americans were not seen in the Major Leagues. People fell into this comfortable way of thinking, and Jackie Robinson was not welcome in their eyes. He was booed upon getting up to bat, and he was shouted at in the streets. Pitchers even threw balls at his head, and players tried to cut him with their cleats. Robinson faced much opposition, yet he never faltered. He was on a mission to end prejudice. Eventually, his teammates became his support, and they looked out for him and respected IM as a man and a player.At the end of his life, Robinson had severe heart troubles, and he lost his eldest son in an automobile accident. Despite everything that he faced, he not only led the way in the desegregation of baseball, but his wish came true that an African American would be hired as a manager for a Major League team. Dave Grin, an American sportswriter, brings up the historical and sociological connection between sports and racism. Before the Jim Crow laws were put in place in 1876, there were African Americans in baseball; therefore, Jackie Robinson was not the first African American baseball player.While he was not the first, he re-introduced the idea that African Americans were able to play baseball and succeed in the sport. He brought the idea of how things used to be back into society, and challenged people to open-up their minds beyond racism. Jackie Robinson was an example of an activist athlete. He used his sport to help others understand the world. Baseball and America as a whole were connected in their transformation; both went through the stages of segregation, integration, and celebration. Jack Johnson was another example given as omen who was an activist athlete.He was the first African American heavyweight champion in boxing, and this was not well received in the public, although boxing was the only sport that stayed integrated since the introduction of Jim Crow laws. Jim Jiffies, one of the best Caucasian boxers, came out of retirement in an effort to beat Johnson, yet Johnson won easily. This resulted in the break out of riots around the area. While Robinson was an activist athlete, he was also a political athlete. He had said that he would choose complete freedom for his people over playing baseball any day.He as using his sport to talk about his rights and the rights of others. Robinson used his skill on the field to inspire integration in sports as well as in other aspects of the country. Muhammad All, formerly known as Caucus Clay, was another example of a political athlete. He refused to fight in the Vietnam War because he did not agree with the reasoning behind the war. Robinson loved to play baseball, yet he played not only for the game, but also for the opportunities that it gave him to change society. He saw baseball as a chance to get his voice heard, and help those around him that had been silenced.Through helping to integrate baseball, he hoped that other parts of the country could be integrated as well. He knew that it was a small step, but Robinson hoped that his efforts could have an effect beyond that on the baseball field. Joseph Derision, a professor at Long Island university in Brooklyn, spoke about Jackie Robinsons legacy and how he has had a major impact on the world. Robinson not only changed the world of baseball, but he changed the world as a whole. His impact had a ripple effect. His efforts in the sport moved outward to the streets of the area, and later around the nation.Professor Derision stated, Babe Ruth changed baseball, Jackie Robinson changed America. When Jackie Robinson was born in 191 g, the world was in turmoil over the issues of racism. The mob and the military rioted the streets of Washington, D. C. Killing African Americans, and the police were unable to stop the outbreak. An African American boy strayed from the black side of the beach to the white side of the beach, and those that were there threw rocks at him, resulting in his death by drowning. These are just a few examples of the horrors that Robinson was born into.While this is how the world was before he integrated baseball, the world would be much different after he brought about a change. Robinson was able to stand up for himself, and win a small victory one day driving home with his teammates. He stopped at a gas station, started filling up the car, and then asked to use the bathroom. The owner gave him the key to the bathroom, but it was out of order. Robinson went back to the owner and asked to use the white bathroom, but he was turned down. Immediately, he told his teammates to stop pumping the gas, so that he wouldnt give this man any service.The owner broke down and told IM he could use the bathroom as long as he didnt tell anyone about it. This incident showed Jackie that he had the ability to get his way by standing up for himself, and the rights that he felt were owed to him. When Robinson played for the Montreal Royals, the Brooklyn Dodgers farm team, he led them to victory in the Minor League World Series. This brought about a craze among the people of Montreal. After the game was over, those living in the area chased Robinson through the streets. This was the first time that white men chased a black man through the streets out of a feeling of joy, and not ate.It is hard to imagine the thoughts that must have been rushing through Robinsons head as he finally felt acceptance rather than the rejection that had become all too ordinary. The man who signed Jackie Robinson, Branch Rickety, warned Robinson before he became a part of the team. He told Robinson that he could accept his offer, but the acceptance entailed a lot of responsibility. Robinson would have to accept hardships without fighting back. It was as if Rickety was asking Robinson to be like Jesus. He wanted Robinson to turn the other cheek when facing opposition. Robinson would be noninsured better seen not heard. Robinson accepted the challenge and Rickets offer, but he was already thinking of how he could bring about a change bigger than that in his own life, or the game of baseball. In 1 955, the Dodgers beat the Yankees in the World Series. During the game, Robinson stole home, and instilled the idea in all of the spectators that African American players had as much skill, stamina, and intelligence as the white players. Jackie taught lessons to players on the field that were not respectful of him or his talent. One of the many times Jackie stole home, the pitcher ride to tag him, but the ball fell out of his glove. In a fit of rage, the pitcher jumped up and tried to fight Jackie. Robinson told him that if he wanted to fight, he could wait until after the game was over. Everyone was able to calm down, and the pitcher admitted that Jackie was right. Robinson showed this kind of calm behavior whenever he was on the field, despite the negative feedback he received from those around him. When Jackie Robinson broke the color barrier, baseball truly became an American sport. It is clear that he paved the way for many African American baseball players to follow.Derision called him a champion for all seasons, as a baseball player, a civil rights leader, and a role model. He faced great prejudice and opposition, but with the help of his teammates, and his strong will to succeed, he continued on his journey. Jackie stayed true to his own belief that life is not worth living unless it benefits another life. He is a legacy in the eyes of sports fans as well as all Americans around the country. He is a testament to the message we have heard so many times before: One person can make a difference in the world.

Language Research Methodology and Design

Question: Discuss about the Language Research for Methodology and Design. Answer: Ten years have been a long time for the professional computer engineers. Software engineering is evolving like a beast. Antonakos (2016) commented that there are a number of key factors that resides behind the radical changes in the field of engineering. The most important factor for consideration has been the emergence of Google, a totemic factor in the face of software development. Similar thing has been pointed out by Jadeja and Modi (2012), with the advent of social media and its increasing usage. Twitter and Facebook have become asset and a new emergent platform to support an online community. As stated by Ren, Wang and Wang (2012), software development requires a huge amount of coding. The level of writing, pushing towards million lines of codes, made mistakes inevitable and increases the challenges of the computer engineering professionals. In addition to this, there have been increases in the number of hackers cyber criminals that have doubled the challenges for the professionals (Xiaofeng Xiang, 2013). The continuous changing programming languages are re-orienting the security measures. Reason for selecting the topic: I feel that I have to face similar challenges in future. One of the important factors that haunt me is the changing needs of technology. The transformation from JAVA to Android programming language happened in such a small span of time but the transformation was not cake walk for the professionals. They had to face huge challenges in their profession. Some had to lose their job as well being not able to cope up with the situation. I feel that the same change can occur at any time in future and I might have to face same challenges. The topic selected for the project will provide me certain level of understanding about the profession and thus, I will be able to prepare or train myself to fight against these odd challenges. Background of the problem: The rapid progress in the information and technological process has led to pervasion of computer based devices in our regular life activities. Computer engineers are meant to offer support and solution to these changes. Assistance in the areas of health care, automotive technology and robotics should to available to human to achieve better future. This technological advancement is also important in order to create a clean environment and by saving resources. This can be achieved only when there will be advancement in the technology and the engineers are effective enough to meet all these requirements. This research proposal will deliver a number of research aims and objectives. Keeping the research topic into consideration, a literature review will be conducted to support the framework of the research. Moreover, the methodology of the research will also be discussed to some extent. Research Aims Objectives: To study the evolution of technology in the field of software and computer science profession in the last decade (2005-2015) To find out the various challenges faced by computer science professionals to meet the identified changes in technology To understand the growing need of changes as technology evolved during this time To recommend a number of solutions to the computer science professionals to meet the demand of the technological changes Literature review: As stated by Parsaei and Sullivan, (2012), the modern era of computer science is as old as 50 years. In the recent era, there has been an exciting and dynamic change in the field of technology. It is understandable that there are mature parts in the field of engineering that still needs to be explored. Sharkh et al., (2013) commented that the field of computer science and engineering has become well established but at the same time, it has been expanding its boundary. The ongoing revolution has created better opportunities for new innovations. However, when it comes to the engineers, there are traceable boundaries that the engineers have to face in every sphere of their professional life. Dainotti, Pescape and Claffy, (2012) identified a number of grand challenges have been identified that act as the key applications for the engineers to improve the future. These are Omnipresent Information Processing: Integration of sensor system into the World Wide Web. This will provide the opportunity of accessing to real-world process in real time. The major challenge in this respect is to address the interoperability and the integrity of the databases. Future Communication Network: Future is going to be wireless. Collection of information, abstraction and interpretation of the information will become wireless reducing the density of managing resources to satisfy a large amount of heterogeneous processing nodes (Dainotti, Pescape Claffy, 2012). Hardware and software architecture tools: As stated by Sharkh et al., (2013), the processor design has undergone a paradigm shift. With the increasing number of transistors on a chip, the multi and many core processors have posed new challenges to the hardware researchers. The sequential application paradigms have to be parallelized by the application of new multi-core applications. Unconventional Computing: Apart from the traditional computing approaches, there are a number of computing approaches that have been identified needs to be implemented in the changes in the computer applications (Dainotti, Pescape Claffy, 2012). The combination of the nano structure with the classical structure is one of the major challenges that the computer applicants have to face. As argued by Hadjidj et al., (2013), there are substantial technical progresses of receding impact in the areas of progress as an attempt to outstrip the capacity of innovation in the field of computer science and technology. It has been further stated by Hadjidj et al., (2013) that there needs to be enhancement in the suitable architecture which are independent of the requirement of the task as it serves. Every professional practice is moving towards evidence based practice. All kinds of architectural configurations are based on solid evidential foundation. However, if the software engineers are considered, it has to be said that the software engineers are not taught by reference to evidence either. It is therefore, very important for modeling and information exchange in the field of engineering. Methodology: In order to get detailed information of the challenges and issues faced by computer engineering professionals both primary and secondary research shall be conducted. For the secondary research a books, journals and other sources will be used that will be available both online and offline. Deductive approach will be selected for the purpose of gaining information from the existing sources (Mackey Gass, 2015). Again, the analytical or the descriptive research design will be selected for evaluating the various sources required for carrying out the research. Again, for the primary research five computer engineering professionals will be interviewed and their views will be obtained to understand the actual challenges that these professionals face in their practical life (Flick, 2015). Thematic analysis will be done on the information gathered from the interview of the five professionals. It has to be understood that the complete process of collecting the various resources will be done by following the basic ethical guidelines. None of the respondents will be forced to answer any query and their consent will be taken by the means of taking a signature on the consent form. However, there remains certain deficiency in the complete research process in case if the respondents do not answer properly or they be biased about their speech or response. Moreover, completing the entire research within the set time frame might become challenging. Time table: Activities 1st to 3rd Week 4th to 10th week 11th to 13th Week 14th to 17th Week 18th to 21st Week 22nd to 23rd Week 24th Week Selection of the topic Data collection from secondary sources Creating layout Literature review Findings of the data Analysis and interpretation of collected data Conclusion of the study Submission of final work Fig: Time table for the research (Source: Created by the author) The complete research work has been dived into 24 weeks work. Deciding on the selected topic will be confirmed within the first week of the research and it is expected that the work will be commenced from the very moment. Carrying out the literature review will require maximum time, that might extent to 4-5 weeks of work. On the 18 week, the collected data will be analyzed and the conclusion will be made. It is expected that the complete research work will be submitted by the end of the 24th week. Conclusion: The research proposal has outlined the main ideas that have to be undertaken during the research. It is expected that the proposed procedure will be followed accordingly. If the plan gets through without the creation of much hindrance, it is expected that the research will be a successful one. Reference list: Antonakos, J. L. (Ed.). (2016).Data Structure and Software Engineering: Challenges and Improvements. CRC Press. Dainotti, A., Pescape, A., Claffy, K. C. (2012). Issues and future directions in traffic classification.IEEE network,26(1), 35-40. Flick, U. (2015).Introducing research methodology: A beginner's guide to doing a research project. Sage. Hadjidj, A., Souil, M., Bouabdallah, A., Challal, Y., Owen, H. (2013). Wireless sensor networks for rehabilitation applications: Challenges and opportunities.Journal of Network and Computer Applications,36(1), 1-15. Jadeja, Y., Modi, K. (2012, March). Cloud computing-concepts, architecture and challenges. InComputing, Electronics and Electrical Technologies (ICCEET), 2012 International Conference on(pp. 877-880). IEEE. Mackey, A., Gass, S. M. (2015).Second language research: Methodology and design. Routledge. Parsaei, H. R., Sullivan, W. G. (Eds.). (2012).Concurrent engineering: contemporary issues and modern design tools. Springer Science Business Media. Ren, K., Wang, C., Wang, Q. (2012). Security challenges for the public cloud.IEEE Internet Computing,16(1), 69. Sharkh, M. A., Jammal, M., Shami, A., Ouda, A. (2013). Resource allocation in a network-based cloud computing environment: design challenges.IEEE Communications Magazine,51(11), 46-52. Xiaofeng, M., Xiang, C. (2013). Big data management: concepts, techniques and challenges [J].Journal of Computer Research and Development,1, 98.

Pros And Cons Of Vaccinations Essay Example

Pros And Cons Of Vaccinations Paper The question is, how effective are these vaccines? Are they more beneficial or harmful to us? Are they serving their purpose? Could a person survive in this world without ever being minimized? In this small research paper, I will discuss the pros and cons of getting vaccinated. I will provide data from which each person will be able to make their own decision on whether vaccination is necessary or not. There are many pros and cons to getting vaccinated. Here are a few pros. Though there are numerous different types of vaccines, they all have a common purpose: to create immunity inside an individuals body against deadly diseases by injecting antigens of that very disease. This is so that in a situation where the minimized individual was exposed to the specific disease, he or she would already have memory phagocyte cells to fight off the virus before symptoms loud even get a chance to occur. We will write a custom essay sample on Pros And Cons Of Vaccinations specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Pros And Cons Of Vaccinations specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Pros And Cons Of Vaccinations specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer One source mentioned that by vaccinating the population, we are protecting the health of communities by preventing its spread. It is said that many epidemic that caused thousands of people to die were completely or almost completely wiped out thanks to the invention of vaccinations. However, a minority, but significant group of people believe that the decline in reported incidences of these diseases have been related to newly established hygiene procedures such as washing our hands after using the restroom and before eating meals. There are also quite a few cons, mainly in the form of side effects, to vaccinations. The few general and usually mild side effects are pain, redness, headaches, fever, swelling and/or a small lump at the site of injection. More serious side effects include allergic reactions, seizures and a disease that is still under research, autism. If a child initially has a weak immune system, or their parents cover the mild effects of the vaccines with drugs, the childs body will retain the vaccine pathogens. This retention is what triggers or at least contribute to the development of hill illnesses such as juvenile diabetes, asthma, neurological disorders, leukemia and event cot deaths. Other cons such as for the vaccine for shingles, only protects fifty percent of those vaccinated. There has been report of other severe side effects but unfortunately, the research in that area is very minimal. Another issue that most parents fail to realize about vaccines is their contents and where they originate. Apart from the antigens, vaccines also contain: Aluminum: a neuron-toxin which has been associated w/ Alchemies, disc-ease, dementia and seizures; aluminum is carcinogenic in vibratory mice and added to vaccines to promote antibody response. Themselves: a sodium salt derived from the deadly poison mercury and used as a disinfectant and preservative; temporal has been linked to brain and kidney damage as well as immune and neurological disc;orders; it is a component of vaccines for DEPT, tetanus, hepatitis B and Hip. Formaldehyde: a major component of embalming fluid, which of course is pumped into dead people to keep them dead; a known cancer-causing chemical, this toxic substance is used to inactivate viruses and detoxify bacterial toxins; remolded has also shown to be injurious to the liver and to trigger gene mutations. Carbolic acid: believed to cause gender mutation; a deadly poison used as a disinfectant, dye ANTI (AGAINST) BIOTIC (LIFE): Neomycin, Streptomycin and a variety of other drugs to which increasing numbers of the population are demonstrating serious allergies and to which increasing numbers of microbes are developing genetically-transmitted tolerance ACETONE: used in fingernail polish remover and as a solvent ALUM: used as a preservative GLYCERIN: a trip-atomic alcohol extracted from natural fats which are putrefied and decomposed; toxic effects damage the kidneys, liver, lungs and pronounced local tissue damage, gastrointestinal damage and death TOXIC CHEMICALS DRUGS: trace elements of other chemicals such as extraordinaire, servitor, hydrolysis gelatin, euphonium chloride, methamphetamine; some of which are known or suspected of causing cancer. My personal opinion on vaccinations is divided. Given all the serious possible side effects, I dont believe children should get vaccinated. Though statistic show a mall percentage of children being vaccinated actually developing these diseases, there is still a percentage which I deem too high to take the chance with my own kids. Also, quite a few diseases that are still being vaccinated for have completely disappeared, which means that there is no one to catch the disease from. So why risk getting the possible but very serious side effects from a vaccine that is for a disease that we will most likely not ever even encounter. On the other hand, vaccines have proved themselves to be efficient in the case Of small pox, malaria and other epidemics. For this reason, I believe that vaccinations do work and should be given to traveling adults whom like to venture to under developed countries that do not have the same privileges as the United States. Places where terminal and easily transmitted diseases are common.

Technological Advancements of the 19th Century essays

Technological Advancements of the 19th Century essays During the nineteenth century, many advances in technology took place. Most of these came as a result of people beginning to understand electricity. (Even though electricity had been studied and recorded for many centuries, it was only as of the nineteenth century that it had been experimented with to make life easier.) New discoveries were being announced almost daily. Around 600 B.C.E, a Greek philosopher and mathematician discovered that when he rubbed amber, it became electrically charged and small objects would be attracted to it and stick to it. Many hundreds of years later, in 1729, Benjamin Franklin walked out into a rainstorm with a kite and proved to the world that lightning is electricity. After many years of experimenting with electricity and learning how to utilize its power, technology to make life much easier began to be developed in the nineteenth century. A few of these inventions included the electric clock, the telephone, the microphone, and the first practical lights. Since the understanding of electricity was becoming widespread during the nineteenth century, people such as Thomas Edison began experimenting with electricity to make daily life easier. Probably the most important electrical invention is the light bulb and practical electric lighting. When a light bulb is hooked up to a power supply, the current of electricity heats the atoms that make up the filament, a thin metal wire to transfer electricity. When these atoms are heated to a high enough temperature, the atoms emit light. After Edison invented the light bulb, he and Joseph Swan began investigating a way to create practical lighting that could be used in everyday life for the average person. In 1880, this dream was realized, and today hundreds of electric lights in various shapes and sizes are used in our homes for anything from room lighting to lights for the computers or digital LCD clocks. Another major invention that uses elect...

Strategic Plan Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Strategic Plan - Assignment Example objectives of the institution, strategies to address each of the objectives, at least one inmate program that will aid in achieving each objective and a method for assessing success for each objective. If this research paper was read by the public, the definite impact would be that many people would be informed about this correctional institution. criminals would fear going there and the public would know that the United states government cares for their welfare and security. The proposed strategies would probably be adopted or modified by the management at ADX Florence. The research has been done using internet sources whose references are listed at the end of this research paper. The name of this maximum facility correctional institution is ADX. it is also known by the names ADX Florence, Florence ADMAX, Supermax or the Alcatraz of the Rockies. as mentioned above, this penitentiary is governed by the Federal Bureau of Prisons of the United States. The facility was opened in 1994 and it is located at Fremont County Colorado. its security class is ranked as Supermax hence the name. actually ADX Florence is the most secure prison in the United States earning itself a record in the Guinness world book of records. the facility houses prisoners that have been rendered too dangerous or high-profile for normal prisoners. 95% of prisoners sent here have a history of violent behavior in other normal prisons. here are images of the exterior view of the prison. A published mission statement could not be found but the reason why the penitentiary was founded was to be a home to United States most violent and evil criminals most of whom had committed various murders and had no value for life. the long term goal

Persuasive Speech about Immigrants in the US Essay

Persuasive Speech about Immigrants in the US - Essay Example Imagine the young boy that was washed away while trying to cross the sea so that he could run away from these killers. This young boy could be a brother, a son or even a grandchild to us. No one will ever know the destiny of this child maybe he could be the one to help the world get a cancer drug or even be the one to tackle climate change. (Sellnow, 2014)Why should we then choose to ignore our foundations and our belief that we are the trendsetters of this world and stand for the truth of this world? The issue we should be addressing my dear people is how to help them once they get in this country and whether they need to be allowed to come here. The immigrants would want peace, but they cannot get it in their country. Yes, the challenges are many what if the killers come in for this reason that they are refugees also. We do have one of the most sophisticated intelligence that can smoke any criminal from any corner of this world. (Sellnow, 2014)We will put them in charge of vetting each refugee and having them take enough time will enable us to get the best that we can and will also not compromise our homeland security.We need to understand that as we live here a man can be good or bad, and this does not depend on whether he is rich, poor, black, white but the ideals the man decides to live.In our 21century, we are the ones to ensure that human rights are not just a favor to the rich but are administered to any person regardless of their background and culture. (Sellnow, 2014)

Reviewing Shakespeares Romeo And Juliet Plays

Reviewing Shakespeares Romeo And Juliet Plays Romeo and Juliet is one of Shakespeares most popular tragedy plays. Romeo and Juliet is the most famous love story in the English literary tradition. As the most-filmed of all plays, Romeo and Juliet serves as an example of how cinematic interpreters of Shakespeare have become more liberal over time. The story was long established even when Shakespeare wrote it in 1594 or 1595he was adapting the earlier Italian tale The Tragicall History of Romeus and Juliet. Love is naturally the plays dominant and most important theme. Sex, drugs, and violence are usually a potent combination, and only William Shakespeare could develop them into a masterful, poetic, and elegant story. Romeo and Juliet also lends itself to modernized, marketable film adaptations because of many of the innovative themes presented throughout the play, which include love vs. hate, light vs. dark, age vs. youth, and fate vs. determinism. Luhrmanns Romeo and Juliet starts with an example of the power of the media, with a television news report. Straight away we see a new and modernistic beginning. There is a very dramatic opening, with dramatic music and quick shots of Verona Beach, skyscrapers, images of war and fighting, flashes of newspapers and magazines, and shots of helicopters and cars, all present day images. We have a voice over giving the audience and introduction to the story. We are then introduced to the characters of the film. The colours used for the different characters are very interesting. For the Capulets the colours used are cold colours like blue and green where as when Mercutio there is a use of soft golden colours. This immediately brings a contrast between the characters and this cinematic technique is used many times through out the film. We are then brought to a gas station where a fight breaks out between the two feuding families. This is scene is very dramatic and a lot of quick imagery is used. We see more modernisation in this scene, we are introduced to guns instead of the commonly used sword and we also have fast cars instead of horses. We see great use of camera angels used in this scene. We see the low angel shot looking at Benvolio from one of the Montague boys and then the reverse with a high angel shot, which is not Benvolios point of view but still gives you the idea of his position. We then have extremely close up shots as we are introduced to Tybalt. Again here we see that Tybalts car is blue. There is a close up of his boots as he gets out of the car and then a close up of his head and hand as he lights his cigarette and again the background behind him is blue. When the fight begins and the tension builds we get close up shots of Tybalts eyes and Benvolios eyes. This kind of shot indicates strong feeli ngs and in Tybalts case we see hatred as he is focused and powerful. When the camera shows the close up of Benvolios eyes he twitches showing fear along with the way that he is not looking directly into the camera. Although we are never shown from a far angle we know that they are staring at each other. When we are fist introduced to Romeo, we hear his mother, father and cousin Benvolio talking about it, which helps us get a feel for his character. The first images we are given of Romeo are him sitting on Verona Beach which soft golden lighting just like Mercutio at the beginning. When we are introduced to Juliet, we see her in a close up shot underwater. She looks like she is a drowned girl; this could link to Ophelia in Hamlet. The way in which we are introduced to her foreshadows her meeting with Romeo and her eventual death. Before the party Romeo talks of his dream, this builds tension with the flash-forward of the final scene of Romeo in Juliets tomb. This makes the audience curious of what is going to happen next even if they have read the play before or not. Romeo is then given a love drug. The effects of the drug on him are depicted brilliantly. As soon as he takes the drug, we see images of fireworks and spinning lights, the music becomes crazy and then mellow. We arrive at the party and everybody is dancing, people become blurry, we have images of Tybalt roaring like a lion and Romeo muttering the words drugs are quick the same words that are used in his final scene of the play. The room begins to spin but the camera is still focused on Romeo which is a great camera angle to show that for Romeo the room is spinning. We then cut to an image of Romeo underwater washing off the effects of the drug. The shot of him under water echoes the image that we saw earlier of Juliet under water. After all the hectic scenes, the music changes to a very slow romantic song to set the scene as the two lovers meet each others gaze through the fish tank. Romeos first few of Juliet is under water. Again we see lighting used here to distinguish the divide between the lovers with the fish tank in between them, almost like an obstacle. On Romeos side of the fish tank the lighting is the golden reds and yellows, colours of warmth to evoke the Montagues and Juliet who we can only see through the fish tank is behind cool blues and greens, the tones of the Capulets. When the party ends the lovers then meet in the swimming pool, another use of the water among the characters. Here they exchange their love. The costumes used in this film are very different from what you would see in a common Romeo and Juliet. All the Montague boys were colourful shirts, a lot of the time they are open showing their free natured spirit. The Capulets on the other hand are more serious and are fashioned with higher class clothes to represent their wealth and power. The costumes that the characters wear at the party are quite interesting. Tybalt is dressed as a devil which reflects his characters evilness but is also ironic as he is very religious. Juliet is dressed as an angel which is exactly how her character is depicted, so angelic, fragile and heavenly. Romeo is the knight in shining armour and becomes the hero in the party and of the film. Religion is a very common theme that can be seen through out the film. We are constantly shown the statue of Jesus through the course of the film. A lot of the scenes take place in the church where there are many religious statues and images on the walls. Holy music is played often and sometimes is shown with a choir singing. Juliets house and room has a shrine where she prays at night. At the very beginning Tybalt is wearing a shirt with Jesus on it and also his gun has a picture of Mary on the handle. Many of the characters have tattoos of religious figures or symbols and one of the main props in the film is Juliets wedding ring which is not only a symbol of marriage and love but also has the religious cross engraved on it. There is constant tension and suspension of what is going to happen. When Romeo and Juliet are married and he goes to kiss his bride, we cut to a scene of Benvolio and Mercutio on the beach and a shot is fired. There is talk of a brawl. Tybalt arrives. There is great use of camera angles here as Mercutio runs at the camera and it pans around to show Tybalt backing away but with short images of him taunting and egging Mercutio on. Tybalt stabs Mercutio with a piece of glass, this is a new adaptation as they do not use swords anymore. This was well thought of as in the play Mercutio follows being stabbed with the lines a scratch, a scratch. There is almost like a stage set up on the beach and this resembles the theatre performances of Romeo and Juliet as we see Romeo and Mercutio on the stage saying lines and the other characters are down below looking up. We are then given more tension with pathetic fallacy that is common in plays, films and novels, when the weather reflects the mood of the play. A storm is brewing and it becomes very windy, we see people lock up their shops and people driving away. The music is also very dramatic. This makes the scene very tense for the audience and makes them curious about what is about to happen. We are then brought to Juliets room with her talking about her excitement and happiness with her new marriage and new love and all of a sudden the camera cuts to a rage filled Romeo screaming and driving extremely fast after Tybalt, there is a car crash and Romeo is standing there pointing a gun at Tybalt. Just as he pulls the trigger and shoots him, the camera cuts back to a shocked looking Juliet as if it was her that was hit with the bullet. This was a great use of imagery as we see just how much of an impact Romeos actions will have on Juliet and many others. This also links in with the line that Romeo say further on as if that name shot from the deadly level of a gun did murder her speaking of Juliet. Romeo is then haunted by hi s actions. As he sleeps he is awoken suddenly by the sound of a gun shot and we see a flash back of Tybalt dying. We see water used again in the next scene as Romeo falls from the balcony into the swimming pool and Juliet looks at him and says Oh God, I have an ill divine soul, me thinks I see thee now, thou art so low as one dead at the bottom of a tomb. Romeo sinks beneath the surface of the water almost as if he is drowning. Romeo is sent to exile and when he hears of Juliets death the panic and fear is represented well with the panic and fear of Romeo returning to Verona Beach. We have the Priest panicking that his letter never reached Romeo. There are helicopters and police cars with the sound of police sirens. The music gets faster and we see fast cars and then there is a bit of a car chase. We feel the hectic panic of everyone through these quick, short, loud and frantic scenes. Romeo reaches the tomb where Juliet is laying. We see the image of him walking down towards her body just as we did in the earlier scene when he described his dream. The slow music and his slow walking are a complete contrast to the last scene. Romeo mourns over his dead wife. The tension here builds for the audience as we known that Juliet is about to wake shortly and we can see her body twitching but Romeo can not. He sits up to take the poison just as we have a close up of Juliets eyes opening. She is awake but does not speak. Romeo has not yet taken the poison which makes the audience want to scream at the screen Dont do it. It frustrates the viewer as well because Juliet does not speak to him, if she did she could have prevented the tragedy. Just as Romeo takes the poison Juliet touches his cheek and we have a very quick reflex from Romeo as he realises she is awake and that he cant go back. Juliet finally realising what is happening begins to panic. The line thus with a kiss I die was rearrange in the scene until after he has taken the poison to make it more dramatic and to have more of an impact on the audience. The silence after the his death makes this scene so tense, then you hear the sound of her crying and the sound of her loading the gun, and the sound of the gun shot echoes. The camera pans back to show the two lovers happy in death and we see a flashback of the night that they met and happy moments that they have shared. This reminds the audience of their troubled but happy relationship and helps the viewer to connect to the tragedy that has just happened. The news report is shown again as the television fades into the background and the film ends, leaving the ending dramatic and heart wrenching. Luhrmann changes in this scene have the effect of changing the focus and theme of the scene from the broader issues of rash youth and social conflict to a narrower focus on the tragic love of Romeo and Juliet. Only having Romeo and Juliet in this scene f ocuses the conflict on the tragic failure of their happiness and love. The audience want to focus on the lovers as it is the point of the story but there are much broader themes to it also. The cast which Baz Luhrmann chose played well into his idea of wanting to broaden the horizons on the audiences that enjoyed Shakespeare. Succeeding in attracting a huge youth fan club, it helped that he had cast the young handsome Leonardo Di Caprio. Having famous people in the film immediately attracts a big audience. Claire Danes plays a beautiful Juliet. Other famous people such as Paul Rudd, who has come increasingly popular, along with Diane Venora, Pete Postlethwaite and many others. Baz Luhrmanns adaptation of Romeo and Juliet does not seem out-dated even though it is 11 years old. It is still referred to as the new Romeo and Juliet. What is so great about this version is how Shakespeares language is untouched but worked in and fitted so magnificently into the modern day life. Luhrmann makes his film into an almost theatrical experience. . The most brilliant aspect of the movie is the urban landscape setting, the lighting, and the cinematography. There is comedy, romance and tragedy infused together in this film. This is a remarkable film, filled with love, passion, hate, power, etc. Luhrmann wanted to entertain his audience with the timeless love of Romeo and Juliet and in my opinion he succeeded in doing so with an unforgettable adaptation of William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet. Sources Luhrmann, Baz. 1996, William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet