Organisation Structure Essay Example for Free

Association Structure Essay The structure is completely incorporated. The key head settles on every single key choice and most correspondence is finished by one on one discussions. It is especially valuable for new (innovative) business as it empowers the author to control development and advancement. They are typically founded on customary control or charming mastery in the feeling of Max Webers tripartite order of power. [edit] Bureaucratic structures Weber (1948, p. 214) gives the similarity that â€Å"the completely created bureaucratic instrument contrasts and different associations precisely as does the machine contrast and the non-mechanical methods of creation. Accuracy, speed, unambiguity, †¦ severe subjection, decrease of contact and of material and individual expenses these are raised to the ideal point in the carefully bureaucratic organization. †[5] Bureaucratic structures have a specific level of normalization. They are more qualified for progressively perplexing or bigger scope associations. They as a rule receive a tall structure. At that point pressure between bureaucratic structures and non-bureaucratic is reverberated in Burns and Stalker[6] differentiation among unthinking and natural structures. It isn't the whole thing about bureaucratic structure. It is a lot of unpredictable and helpful for various leveled structures association, for the most part in tall associations. [edit] Post-bureaucratic The term of post bureaucratic is utilized in two faculties in the authoritative writing: one conventional and one significantly more explicit [7]. In the conventional sense the term post bureaucratic is regularly used to depict a scope of thoughts created since the 1980s that explicitly balance themselves with Webers perfect sort administration. This may incorporate all out quality administration, culture the executives and lattice the executives, among others. None of these anyway has deserted the center principles of Bureaucracy. Progressions despite everything exist, authority is still Webers reasonable, legitimate sort, and the association is still principle bound. Heckscher, contending thusly, portrays them as tidied up organizations [8], as opposed to an essential move away from administration. Gideon Kunda, in his great investigation of culture the executives at Tech contended that the embodiment of bureaucratic control the formalization, codification and authorization of rules and guidelines doesn't change on a basic level.. it shifts center from authoritative structure to the associations culture. Another littler gathering of scholars have built up the hypothesis of the Post-Bureaucratic Organization. [8], give an itemized conversation which endeavors to depict an association that is in a general sense not bureaucratic. Charles Heckscher has built up a perfect sort, the post-bureaucratic association, in which choices depend on discourse and agreement as opposed to power and order, the association is a system as opposed to a chain of importance, open at the limits (in direct complexity to culture the executives); there is an accentuation on meta-dynamic standards as opposed to dynamic guidelines. Such a flat dynamic by agreement model is regularly utilized in lodging cooperatives, different cooperatives and when running a non-benefit or network association. It is utilized so as to urge cooperation and help to enable individuals who typically experience persecution in gatherings. Still different scholars are building up a resurgence of enthusiasm for multifaceted nature hypothesis and associations, and have concentrated on how straightforward structures can be utilized to cause authoritative adjustments.

Animal Lane Cattery Information Technology System Essay Example for Free

Creature Lane Cattery Information Technology System Essay The Animal Lane Cattery, an exclusive private venture, needs a proficient, updateable, expandable, effectively open data framework to track and archive customers requirements for boarding/preparing administrations. The goal is to structure and build up a framework that satisfies the necessities of the Cattery. A compelling electronic recording framework will dispense with lost desk work, limit blunders, and give a strategy to quality client assistance. I will be structuring and making the framework that we decide for the Cattery. As the Cattery has extended its loading up and preparing administrations to oblige an aggregate of 15 felines in isolated pens, an expansion in client grumblings have been gotten concerning the Catterys off base and tedious following of explicit customer data. This wastefulness implies that customers need to give an update of their cats data to the Catterys staff and has brought about assistance blunders. Right now, they utilize a flatbed database, which just permits you to work with one table open whenever. The Cattery has considered utilizing a pen and paper framework, working things out physically and putting away data on paper, however a progressively effective framework would be a social database. Their optimal framework is a social database, and this will permit them to have macros, reports, inquiries, and searches dependent on the data required. This, consequently, is the framework that I will be producing for the Catterys utilization. Destinations: The client should have the option to: - see the data - scan for explicit data - print out receipts for customers Options: There are numerous social database bundles I could have decided to work with, however I have chosen to utilize the database bundle Microsoft Access since I have incredible regard for Bill Gates and furthermore, Microsoft Access is a more seasoned program, in this way any bugs in the framework will ideally have been fixed and the bundle improved. I could have utilized Microsoft Works, however there can't be anything else than each table open in turn, and it is vital that I have numerous tables. Clients: The clients of this database will be the Catterys staff-full and low maintenance workers answerable for the consideration and prepping of the felines. The Office Staff will have the option to see and alter the information, while the Grooming Staff will just view the data they need. Investigation The product I chose to use here is Microsoft Access to make and view the database. The equipment required is a console to enter information, a mouse, a printer to print out the receipts, and the PC screen. All information will be yield utilizing the printer. I should guarantee that there is sufficient memory for a social database to work. This ought not be an issue, as Microsoft Access (which I have decided to utilize) doesn't necessitate that much memory space, and there will be a lot of room accessible on their office PC, which, other than the important programming segments, will be utilized exclusively for the database utilized for the putting away of information and the running of the Cattery. Reinforcement duplicates of information will be put away on tape. The tape should be obviously named and put away in a water-tight case inside a flame resistant capacity box away from the underlying wellspring of information, if there should be an occurrence of fire or flood that may harm the PC that contains the first information. Utilizing floppy plates as a type of reinforcement was thought of, however the database is generally enormous and refreshed every day, so the floppy circles won't have a limit sufficiently huge to enough store the information. Information assortment: The information will be gathered from the customers utilizing a structure that they will fill in giving the data required by the Cattery. The fields required will be on the information catch structure given to customers. These will be as questions, for example, the ones underneath: - What is the felines name and proprietors contact data? - What is the felines vets contact number (if there should be an occurrence of crisis)? - What is the felines supper plan? - What are the barricading drop-off and pick dates? - What are the felines preparing necessities? There will without a doubt be different inquiries that the staff should know the responses to. To refresh the information, I should expel certain customers data and supplant it with new information when the primary felines are gathered. The printed information will be the reports when a hunt is begun, and a subsequent report to give as a receipt to clients when they gather their pet. Structure Two tables will be created: proprietor data and administrations. The connection between the two tables is the proprietor code. Every proprietor has just one location, yet different felines may dwell at a similar location. Each feline has individual assistance needs regardless of whether it has a similar proprietor as another. The customer names and feline names won't be utilized as key fields in light of the fact that there may be different customers with similar names or feline names. Office staff at the Cattery may see and alter the information in the two tables, and the prepping staff may see information. Following are the hand-drawn structures of the database. First are the underlying harsh structures to show the essential design of the database. I will at that point give an information catch structure (next page) to one of the clients (an office staff individual) asking what things they think should be possible better and how the plan of the database could be improved to make utilizing it simpler. The clients remarks will at that point be considered when making the last plans of the database, definite so anyone could make a similar database that I will make for the Cattery. Last Users Comments (in the wake of having audited the underlying plans) How viable do you figure the structures will be? What might be improved, from what you have seen of the underlying structures? What is missing from the database (in the event that anything)? Different remarks: Usage On the accompanying pages are the print screens of the manner in which the Catterys database was made (tables, structures, questions, reports, large scale code and so on). Assessment The first targets illustrated in my Identification stage were met. The Cattery currently has a valuable and quick framework to discover and store their customers data, to view and quest for explicit data, and to print out things like receipts for customers. In the wake of having evaluated the proprietors remarks and contrasted with the things I have transformed, I believe I have improved the database enough for him to be OK with utilizing it. I considered the things he referenced about requiring plans for reports and inquiries, and diminishing ambiguity of certain structures. I believe I have accomplished my goal in making the Cattery a compelling, simple framework to hold all their data.

Dulce Decorum Free Essays

Taylor 1 Dying for a State through Poetry Wilfred Owen’s Dulce et Decorum Est utilizes striking symbolism which evacuates any sentimental thoughts that it is sweet and respectable to kick the bucket for the homeland. Randall Jarrell’s The Death of the Ball Turret Gunner utilizes uncertainty to think about death for the state and premature birth. The two compositions pass on the awfulness of kicking the bucket for a state. We will compose a custom article test on Dulce Decorum or then again any comparable point just for you Request Now The Death of the Ball turret Gunner starts â€Å"from my mother’s rest, I fell into a state and slouched in its tummy until my hide solidified. † This is stating that the heavy weapons specialist was conceived from his mother’s warmth into a virus state, as he is conceived in the stomach of a high elevation plane. The â€Å"State† is alluded to as cold and less supporting in Randall Jerrell’s sonnet. In Dulce et Decorum Est the sonnet uncovers shrouded realities of the main universal war, and demonstrated the brutalities the warriors needed to look on an everyday premise. Dulce et Decorum est starts â€Å"Bent twofold, similar to old beggars† (5) All the turmoil’s that youngsters were gotten through causing them to feel and look more seasoned than they truly were, separating them causing them to lose their soul they had as youngsters. What makes this sonnet extraordinary is the way that Wilfred Owen was there to observe the abhorrences of the main universal war. Owen proceeds â€Å"An happiness of bungling fitting caps. † As the troopers ran from the gas bombs their caps ricocheting on their heads, putting them at greater danger of biting the dust for your nation. War is frequently celebrated by others that have not experienced how alarming war can be and they imagine that they can be hero’s, in light of stories they heard as a kid from a mother or a dad that causes war to appear to be sentimental and devoted so they should enroll in the sentiment of being that saint not understanding that the war is really a sickening encounter. Owen states toward the finish of his sonnet â€Å"to kids impassioned for some frantic glory† (25) Children who think it is sweet and good beyond words ones nation since somebody who has no experience has revealed to them accounts of sentiment and enthusiasm permitting them to accept they will be hero’s in the ideal dream. Taylor 2 Wilfred Owen and Randall Jerrell both tell the grisly certainties of the war and ow it truly was to be that unrecognized yet truly great individual that watched his companions kick the bucket and be placed into a haul to be pulled away not so much knowing whether their families and friends and family realized they had passed on, or how it was to be the result of a war and to not live past your first hour since you were naturally introduced to the freezing paunch of an aircraft plane and treated like waste when the plane has at long last landed and was being wiped out. How the war today is any unique in relation to what both of these creators are attempting to state? There is no distinction in light of the fact that in Dulce et Decorum est the absolute final words â€Å"The old falsehood: Dulce et etiquette est Pro patria mori. † â€Å"It is sweet and fair incredible the homeland. † The enrollment workplaces of today despite everything tell their troopers that they are helping America out by battling for them and that it is a good method to live anyway it isn't said that it is respectable in the event that you pass on yet on the off chance that you live you have better open doors in life to head off to some place and be somebody. What befell those youngsters who battled in the First World War? The majority of them lost their companion since they were told it was good beyond words their nation, at that point a great deal of them returned home from the wars injured and couldn't take an interest in the things they did before they enrolled, and afterward some of them got back home in a plain pine box to families that at exactly that point saw the abhorrences of the war. Instructions to refer to Dulce Decorum, Essay models

The Revolutionary Life of Che Guevara

The Revolutionary Life of Che Guevara Ernesto Che Guevara is generally eminent for his basic inclusion in the achievement of the Cuban upset. Loved for his motivation, he is considered by numerous individuals to be an unbelievable legend whose name is proportional to insubordination, transformation, and communism. Others, in any case, consider him to be a merciless homicide. In any case, his life as a progressive head is an engaging subject that has been depicted in an assortment of books and movies. This paper clarifies the tale of Che Guevara, remembering his initial life for Argentina, his bike trips, his joining Fidel Castros armed force, his duty to the progressive reason and the day he met his end in Bolivia. The paper additionally combines and investigates his commitments not exclusively to the Cuban upheaval yet in addition to the world all in all. Furthermore, an examination concerning his vile piece of life is likewise investigated. Ernesto Guevara de la Serna, generally alluded to as El Che, Che Guevara, or just Che, is without a doubt one of the most notable and recognized progressives who at any point lived. Popular for his unbelievable progressive life just as his articulate ability to battle and bite the dust for his convictions, Che Guevara has become the universes symbol of resistance and battle against social bad form, bondage, and ethnic separation. Actually, he was chosen by Time magazine as among the most compelling individuals of the twentieth century, as indicated by the site www.globalresearch.ca (December 19, 2010). Since forever, few has kicked the bucket yet never stopped to profoundly affect the living as he did, particularly now that his progressive beliefs, which he once lived by and passed on battling for, have advanced toward draw in the contemporary people of the 21st century everywhere throughout the world with the assistance of an assortment of effectively open methods. It is the previously mentioned reasons that shaped the premise of various examinations on Che Guevaras progressive inheritance. In any case, once in a while has any scientist remembered for their investigations the methodology from the contrary perspective. That is, albeit all around respected, especially by individuals in Latin America, Che Guevara additionally gets genuine attack and reactions from individuals in high places and in Cuban-oust networks all through the Americas who despite everything have profound contempt for Cuban communist government when all is said in done and for Guevaras basic part in this framework specifically (Harris, 2010, p.xiii). Some don't stop for a second to depict him as a merciless despot and rival of opportunity (Vega, 1997). This examination paper investigations the incredible progressive existence of Che Guevara, from the good 'ol days when he set out to seek after his gutsy dream on a motorbike till the end when he was barbarously yet valorously executed. Be that as it may, all the more importanly, a quantitative examination of how his commitment at last influences Cuban culture and the universes perpective all in all is introduced. Likewise, as previously mentioned, a darker and progressively vile side of Che Guevaras alleged inheritance in which he is loathed and upbraided will likewise be talked about. Conversation History Ernesto Guevara, or Che Guevara as we as a whole know him, was the Argentinean-conceived pioneer of the Cuban upheaval. Conceived on June 14, 1928 in Rosario, Argentina, Che was the oldest of five offspring of a liberal, working class family. Be that as it may, as indicated by an alternate source, Julia Constenla, Ches real date of birth was May 14 which was a month before the date expressed in his introduction to the world declaration (Anderson, 1997, p. 3769). Constenla, who guaranteed she was told my Ches mother, Celia de la Serna y Llosa, unequivocally declared that when Che was imagined, Celia and Ches father, Ernesto Guevara Lynch, were not hitched; hence, they needed to adjust the endorsement and stayed quiet about this so as to keep away from reactions for themselves as well as for their dear child. As a baby, Che Guevara, or Tete as he was called by his family at that point, had experienced genuine asthmaticcondtionssince 1930, which continued frequenting him relentlessly all through his progressive life. His family was at that point, at his dads suggestion,relocated to Alta Garcia, a mountain resort town close to Cordoba. Loaded with trust that the new placesdrier atmosphere would help improve Ches wellbeing, his dad, believed that he should stayed and spent his childhood there, thus he did. Additionally, it was this extreme ailment that drove him to be self-taught, in 1934, by his mom who kept up left-wing political perspectives simply like his dad (Bethel, 2003). Being firmly joined to his mom from day till night, Che was step by step subject to her extreme left-wing political points of view. Profoundly impacted by his folks sees, alongwith a tremendous library containing a plenty of questionable and radical works accessible at home, Che before long found his political convictions as a normally created interest.Of all the liberal writing, he demonstrated specific interests underway, particularly verse, of Walt Whitman, Federico Garcia Lorca, Antonio Machado, and particularly Pablo Neruda (Hart, 2004, p. 98). It was later affirmed by his dad that he started to investigate Marxist and other communist abstract works at home (Bethel, 2003), during the administration of Juan Peron, who at last was the best motivation of Che. Be that as it may, his self-teaching at long last reached a conclusion in 1937, when the 9-year-old Che Guevara had the option to take a crack at an elementary school and proceeded with his instruction at the third grade. Wiped out as he might have been, Che Guevara was portrayed tobear a fretful trademark, which his dad alluded to as the blood of the Irish radicals (Lavretsky, 1976, p. 5). It was this characteristic that helped his will to vanquish his disease by possessing himself with tense physical activities. Thus, he turned into an amazing competitor, separated himself at swimming, football, hitting the fairway, and shooting, and was broadly perceived for his extraordinary rugby execution just as his forceful style of play for the games club CUBA, or Club Universitario de Buenos Aires (Cain Growden, 2006, p. 293), thusly giving him the epithet Fuser, which is a constriction for El Fuibundo and de la Serna, which is his moms first name. In the wake of moving on from Colegio Nacional Dean Funes secondary school in 1946, the Guevara family again moved to Buenos Aires, where Che Guevara, at the time of 20,got acknowledged into the University of Buenos Aires a year later.In request to show signs of improvement comprehension of asthma, the very sickness that tormented him for his entire life, just as malignant growth, the ailment that drove his grandma to death, Che Guevarawas set on reading for a degree in medication. In any case, this assurance didn't keep going exceptionally long. As the examination went on, there was a staggering want to take a break and travel the world that inevitably made him put his training on pause until 1953 when he came back to completed his clinical degree. Subtleties of these outings, which have an essential impact in perpetually changing his perspective in the general public, alongside his progressive exercises, will be canvassed later in the accompanying segment. Che Guevara had two relationships, the first being with Hilda Gadea Acosta, a banished Peruvian Marxist. The wedding occurred in August 8, 1955, while Hilda was conveying their sole posterity, Hilda Beatriz. They before long went their seperate ways following 4 years of marriage, which thusly drove Che Guevara to have a foreordained encouter with Aleida March, who later turned into his second spouse onJune 3, 1959. The couple was so infatuated that they voyaged together, battled together, and all the more significantly, had an affectionate family with four youngsters together. All through his progressive life from 1955 to 1967, the vocation of Che Guevara had changed enormously (Bethel, 2003). In the wake of joining the Cuban progressive armed force drove by Fidel Castro in 1955, Che Guevara immediately got elevated to leader of the mechanical division of the Instituto Nacional de la Reforma Agraria, or the Cuban National Institute of Agrarian Reform on October 7, 1959, which was not well before he was made leader of the Cuban National Bank on November 26. Designated as leader of the Ministry of Industry of Cuba in 1961, Che Guevaras vocation apparently progressed constant until 1965, when he unexpectedly spurned the entirety of his obligations and chose to avoid sight. After a year, be that as it may, Che proceeded on his progressive mission in Bolivia as a guerilla chief, which was a finished disappointment prompting his catch and execution on October 8, 1967. Che Guevaras Revolutionary Activities In spite of being conceived and experiencing childhood in Argentina, Ernesto Che Guevara related with Fidel Castro and the Cuban upset in the furnished battle just as in the development of Cubas communism. In 1967, Che Guevara kicked the bucket while driving the guerrilla development in Bolivia at 39 years old. At that point, he has become an everlasting legend, an image of progressive courage and global soul, just as an image of national freedom battle of the mistreated people groups of the world. Therefore, there are numerous amazing tales about his progressive exercises. On January 1, 1950, Che Guevara started his first excursion with a bicycle mounted engine. The excursion, which crossed the Pampas fields in the north, has a length of 4,500 km. Around there, he had lived and helped the individuals who got tainted by infection for a while, and worked in a gathering to fabricate national parkways in Argentina. As indicated by the Che Mot hanh trinh cuoc doi (2012), in October 1951, Che rejoined with a dear companion Alberto Granado in Cã ³rdoba, at that point he proposed they made à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ã£ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹the outing to North America together. Not long from that point onward, on December 29, 1951, they began their excursion to other Latin American nations with Albertos engine (Poderosa II 500 cubic centimeters). They experienced the majority of the nations in this area. After two months, they were in Chile and kept on experiencing Bolivia and Peru. In Peru, Che Guevara, along with Alberto, visited the peop

Services and Facilities in a Hotel

Administrations and Facilities in a Hotel Prologue to Services and Facilities in the lodging These days, individuals decide to remain in the lodging not just for the housing, a portion of the sightseers would pick a specific inn due to its remarkable administrations given or unique offices that other inn probably won't have or probably won't give as great administrations contrasted with other contender inn. Case of offices in many inns that are five stars or more are pool, open air games pool, cafés, lounges, bars, golf clubs, spa and Jacuzzi, parking structure, gathering rooms , feast rooms. Television halls, snooker tables, uncommon nail trim administrations, doorman administrations, individual conference hall and so forth. Administrations and Facilities in a Hotel I will expand and outline the administrations and offices in an enormous inn named Hotel De Paris, Monte Carlo. Inn De Paris is a lavish lodging that is situated in Monaco which is situated in a sovereign city on the French Riviera in Western Europe, France. As indicated by Hayes, D. also, Ninemeier, J. (2007), first ed, Hotel tasks the board, Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson/Prentice Hall. Lodging Rooms Beginning from the lodging of this astounding lavish inn, there are an aggregate of 182 rooms in this inn, this 182 rooms incorporates the predominant room which is confronting the patio see. These prevalent rooms are the ideal instances of the â€Å"Belle Époque Era†. â€Å"Belle Époque Era it’s in French language and it implies â€Å"Beautiful Era† in English. It was a timeframe in French and Belgian which world war one simply finished in the start of the year 1914. The size of these better rooms is from 371 than 571 sq. furthermore, it is situated in the second and third floor of the inn. The rack paces of this prevalent rooms cost around 579 Pounds which is 2880 MYR for 1 night remain. Next, is the Exclusive room which is confronting city see, all the furnishings and embellishments is produced using white leaded wood and mahogany. The toilets is exceptionally produced using pale marble from the nineteenth century to give visitors a warm and inviting inclination upon appearance. Rooms from this restrictive are from 377 to 538 sq. what's more, is situated on the second, third and fourth floor of Hotel De Paris. Paces of rooms are 657 pounds and subsequent to changing over is 3447 MYR for one night remain. To wrap things up of the rooms and that is the Exclusive Room that is confronting gambling club see, all the offices and beautifications are no doubt same as the other select room yet the main distinction is that this room is confronting the club see. ( Hã'tel de Paris, (2014). Down to earth Details. [online] Available at: http://www.hoteldeparismontecarlo.com/down to earth data/useful data/[Accessed 14 Oct. 2014].) Junior Suites Other than the ordinary elite and choice rooms, there are a couple of kinds of junior suites in Hotel De Paris. There is inward patio see which is completely outfitted with red velvet rugs to give a sentiment of absolute unwinding to the visitors or lead significant gatherings. The parlors in these lesser suites are well furnished with flawless office instruments with stunning bit of style. The rates for this lesser suites cost 846 Pounds which is 4422 MYR. Next up it’s the nation see junior suite that is uniquely made for the night see sweethearts. (Hã'tel de Paris, (2014). Junior Suite †Inner Courtyard View. [online] Available at: http://www.hoteldeparismontecarlo.com/extravagance rooms-suites/junior-suite/junior-suite-patio/[Accessed 14 Oct. 2014].) Precious stone Suites The most costly room in this lodging is the precious stone suites. The precious stone suites look like the feeling of extravagance in Hotel De Paris. The precious stone suite which is named by Charles Garnier regularly is utilized by individuals who will have a wedding or any uncommon family gatherings. The precious stone suites are situated at the second floor of Hotel De Paris and it is around 1890 sq. It has two major rooms, with a tremendous parlor with an entrenched eating zone. All the toilets in this suite is made by light dim and white mosaic marbles tiles. The paces of this precious stone suite is just staggering a night in this jewel suite cost around 7400 pounds with is around 38687K MYR. Eatery and Bars In Monte Carlo, the most well known café bar is named Le Louis XV-Alain Dã ©classã ©. Le Louis XV is particularly devoted to the flavor of wonderful and dream. It is open around 25 years back in the Monte Carlo. The extraordinary setting of this eatery is concentrating for the most part on rich cooking with astounding wine list and remarkable menus. Agreeing Alain Dã ©classã ©(2014),to the culinary specialist of Le Louis XV that the way of thinking of this eatery is to fill this café with rethinking that what is basic, the food they serve can be straightforward and straightforward to each visitor however it has it’s unpretentious of equalization on the tradition,culture,modernity of the café. There are three principle menus in Le Louis XV, The occasional club lunch which cost around 145 pounds roughly 785MYR, evening menu â€Å"Les Jardins de Provence† which is 230 pounds around 1.2k MYR,Menu â€Å"Pour les Gourmets which does exclude drinks cost around 310 Poun ds around to 1.6k MYR. There are chiefly three sorts of food served in Le Louis XV and that is Gastronomic cooking. Gastronomic is an investigation of food it can likewise mean somebody who joins the speculations and practices on the investigation of gastronomic. Le Louis XV likewise serves the French Riviera cooking. French Riviera food implies a pleasant perspective on sea shore stunning social enhancements or with awesome touring sees that is the meaning of French Riviera. All the food and cooking is roused by the French and Italian Riviera’s with has been assigned in the Michelin Guide with three stars. Michelin Guide is one of the arrangement manuals that is distributed in France by the distributer named Michelin for over 100 years until further notice. (As indicated by Services Management [Including Skill Development]. (2014). first ed. [ebook] Mumbai, IND: Himalaya Publishing House. Accessible at: http://library.olympia.edu.my:2051/lib/olympia/docDetail.action?docID=10 415572p00=hotel+management [Accessed 14 Oct. 2014]) Le Louis XV is shut regular however just open on Tuesday and Wednesday. On the off chance that you need to enter this café you would need to wear a coat or a tie, it is carefully required for the visitor; this is to guarantee that the nature of visitors is up to the restaurant’s standard. Flame broils Situated at the eighth floor in the Hotel Le Paris, this flame broil is named by Le Grill. Le Grill is probably the best barbecue that offer a reevaluation of the acclaimed Mediterranean gourmet dishes .During the mid year season, Le Grill has its flame broil side that will uncover the lovely sky and it is one of the most delightful perspectives on the French Riviera. The kind of foods that Le Grill offers is fundamentally centered around Mediterranean-style gourmet cooking. The menu has a scope of various sorts which the set lunch is around 75 pounds, and for the supper or individually is around 130-150 pounds. Extraordinary capacities and birthday celebrations can be held in the Le Grill’s Churchill parlor, mixed drinks and private gatherings can likewise can held there as well. Outside of the Le Grill is the outdoors porch which has a decent perspective on the sky or dusk when u visit it at the correct hour. The lunch break is regularly from 12pm to 2pm and supper begins fr om 8pm-11pm. Meal Rooms Meal room is deliberately for the utilization of when you are going to hold a gathering or private birthday celebrations or even close to home gatherings. The meal room in Hotel De Paris is named La Salle Empire and porch, it is recorded as a verifiable destinations since the finish of nineteenth century, it represent the history that is left during the nineteenth century in those days. La Salle Empire is a brilliant spot to hold banqueting administrations. Ordinarily for feast orders, there are two distinct sorts of menu one of them is in season and another is summer menu. Live Band In a huge inn, there is regularly live band execution perhaps on the Saturday night or Sunday late evening as per the lodging isolates. The motivation behind having live band is to engage the visitors when they have their available time or possibly they can be at the entryway to tune in to the live band around evening time while drinking wine or talking in the parlors. The live band in Hotel De Paris is named Le Bar American. Le Bar American is completely outfitted by the calm atmosphere of the wonderful wood. The seats they utilized in the bar is all 100% cowhide easy chairs, with all red lights delicate lighting, all the windows are looking to the ocean see. This spectacular live band bar will play all Doctor’s Gab acoustic piano music to let the visitors feel unwind and familiar. All the bites will be served from 12 early afternoon to 6.30 at night, following by a break; they will have returned to business at 10pm around evening time to 1am in the 12 PM. Live jazz is the pr imary subject in this wonderful bar. Private Beach In our nation there probably won't be this offices in any of the lodging in Malaysia, however in abroad, there are a couple of lavish inn that offers private sea shores in their inn. Private sea shores are a flat out joy for visitors that like to appreciate the daylight or like to swim. The setting in this magnificent private sea shore depends on chic striped canvas sea shore lodges. All the lodges in this inn are charged in the inn convenience and it guarantee the whole visitor to arrive at their maximum degree of fulfillments and satisfaction. Visitors can appreciate the sun while refined food will be sent to your own tent by the private sea shore. The natural pizzas and gourmet wood-stove pizzas is the must attempt food in the private sea shore side bar. On the sea shore, there are around 200 tents encompassing the sea shore, 120 sea shore lodges and very nearly 30 solariums accessible for lease, yet the charges is excluded from the facilities fees.â Sports and Leisure Pool The pool of Le Hotel Paris has a 25 by 13 meter

Whats the Difference Between a Hyphen and a Dash

What’s the Difference Between a Hyphen and a Dash (4) They might all look like lines on a page, but hyphens and dashes serve different purposes. To begin, a hyphen (-) is shorter than a dash (â€"). Hyphens join words together and dashes indicate range. But that’s just the beginning. If you really want to keep these lines straight, read on. What is a hyphen? A mark of punctuation that joins words, or word parts, together. Hyphen Examples: half-baked, non-violent, twenty-seven Common Hyphen Uses Numbers Numbers written or typed from 21 to 99 Examples:   twenty-one, ninety-nine Fractions Written fractions Examples:   two-thirds, nine-sixteenths Connection If an entire word cannot fit on a single line, a hyphen is used. This is often seen in newspapers or written work. Examples: We are planning an explo- ration of the Amazon. My English teacher took points off my bibli- ography since it was not in MLA or APA format. Compound Modifiers Words that are joined together to describe the noun that follows. Example: kid-friendly restaurant, fashion-forward magazine, MLA in-text citation Compound Nouns Two or more words that have been combined to be understood as one. Example: six-year-old, daughter-in-law Note: Compound modifiers  are usually only hyphenated when they come before the noun they describe. Example: We live in off-campus housing vs. We live off campus. The rules for hyphenation are hotly debated and change often. For example, some words that used to be hyphenated, like “homeowners” and “email,” are now simple compound words. To be absolutely sure, use an up-to-date reference guide or dictionary. Remember: A hyphen’s job is to join words together which means when typed, there should never be a space on either side. What is a dash? A mark of punctuation that indicates a range. Example: In my opinion 2012 â€"â€" 2014 were the best years yet. A mark of punctuation that indicates a non-essential phrase in a sentence. Example: Jennyâ€"â€"who called herself my best friendâ€"â€"stole my boyfriend. Dashes are longer than hyphens and they come in two types. En dash The en-dash is the shorter of the two. It is about as long as the letter “N.” The en-dash indicates range. Example: For tonight’s homework, read pages 35â€"50. It can also be used to write sports scores. Example: Our team won 75â€"60. Em dash The em-dash is the longest of all. It is about the same length as the letter “M” and should never have spaces before or after. As the longest, it is used when you want to create great emphasis on a phrase. Example: After I baked the cakesâ€"twelve in totalâ€"the client cancelled the order. How to create hyphens and dashes in a document One reason hyphens and dashes are confused is that only the hyphen has a designated key on the typical keyboard, but there is a way to create them all. The hyphen is simply the minus sign on your keyboard. Creating a dash is slightly more complicated and varies between word processing programs. For some, tapping the minus sign twice and hitting the space bar is enough, while others require a combination of the shift, control and option keys. A quick online search will help you find the right solution for your writing tools. Hyphens and dashes may look similar, but if you can master their subtle differences you are well on your way to defining your own writing style. Now that you have dashes and hyphens down, review your paper for other grammatical points with the EasyBib Plus essay checker! Check for spelling, subject-verb agreement, and other potential issues. We also have grammar guides to help you learn what is a prepositional phrase, how determiners work, how to use interjections, and other grammar basics.

Chartism for John Barton A Lesson or a Pure Detriment - Literature Essay Samples

John Barton, father of Mary Barton, became a member of the Chartist movement after he was laid off from his original place of work when his master had failed. While he was forced to look for other work, his son got ill with the scarlet fever. With no food or money to acquire medicine, his beloved son passed away. In lieu of the death of his son, John wanted to seek revenge against the employers who he believed caused it, and joined the Chartist movement as a result. Later on in the book, John goes to deliver the Chartist petition, dubbed the â€Å"People’s Charter† to the Parliament for approval. Unfortunately, the Parliament rejected the petition. While the petition was not received well by Parliament, the rejection of the Chartist petition served to be a valuable lesson. This Chartist lesson is that the proletariat of England and the aristocracy should not have attempted to work together, as the rich did not care for the working man and their respective conditions or needs. In this piece, I will using historical evidence to support my claim, then I will then apply that evidence to a close reading of the novel regarding John Barton’s respective situation to further prove that the bourgeoisie simply do not concern themselves with the needs of the proletariat. In the 1830s and 1840s, it was extremely hard to be a working man in England, as the workers in England were horribly exploited. The book Chartism explains that one factory owner named Sir Robert Peel would whip his workers who were aged from five to seven years old. Chartism also explains that in the year 1809, manufacturers that used cotton spinner machines were exploiting their workers. This was because the workers were routinely getting crushed by the machines trying to spin the cotton for their masters. Along with these incidents, the working order at the time was not helpful. The order included atrocities like: the youngest workers were as young as three years old, working days were about sixteen to eighteen hours, and wages were at 9 shillings a week. According to The Proceedings of Old Bailey, two shillings are currently worth a quarter of one penny. This cruel working order ensued mass sickness and mortality that broke up families. Furthermore, the commerce at the time was s o fluctious that the working man was constantly uncertain if he would keep his job. So, what was the frustrated, sick, and tired working man to do? The Chartist movement aimed to solve this very problem. Chartism was popular in the United Kingdom in the 1830s and 1840s, and the movement was meant to represent the working man. The movement aimed to speak out against the discontents of the working man and the â€Å"injustices of the new industrial and political order in Britain† (Britannica, Par. 1). Another book titled From Chartism to Labourism defined the Chartist movement as â€Å"the working class made the first attempt to establish a party of its own for the conquest of political power† (Rothstein, 7). People that joined the Chartist movement understood a couple of key aspects, according to Chartism: Firstly, Until the working man’s needs are fulfilled, he will constantly be angry and discontent will follow suit. His needs were â€Å"Food, shelter, due guidance, in return for his labour† (Carlyle, 89). Secondly, the working man had feelings, and his tiredness, well-being, and prosperity should be considered by Parliament as well. By speaking up about these injustices and exploitations mentioned in the last paragraph and the discontent of the working man, the movement also hoped to achieve Parliamentary reform. In fact, Chartists petitioned many times to Parliament. In fact, according to Chartism, the cotton spinner injustice of 1809 was petitioned by the common working man. Because of this and countless other injustices, they petitioned to Parliament with the demand that there be less apprentices, or working men, in factories. This demand made sense because, as mentioned, they were overworked, underpaid, and horribly exploited. Furthermore, from an ethical perspective, at least don’t have the children work if they don’t need to. To this demand, the Parliament came to the verdict that they could not pass an act that constrains the freedom of the industry, which meant Sir Robert Peel could keep whipping his workers, or could not pass an act that allows the individual worker to dispose the time he should be working to his own interests, like taking care of their sick families. Additionally, Parliament also explained that if they were to pass an such an act, it would contradict the prosperity of the community -meaning it would hinder the profits the community collectively makes-, and it would contribute to the unemployment issue. However, if the manufacturers and the workers’ masters would provide them with better working conditions, this unemployment would not be occuring in the first place. This and countless other petitions were shot down by the Parliament, which showed â€Å"a child ·like faith in the goodwill and omnipotence of the State.† (Carlyle, 13). The Parliament even had the audacity to advise workers to wait for better times and look for work elsewhere. The unfortunate reality was that the State was more focused on capitalism than the well being of the workers and that Parliament was on the aristocrat’s side, not the working man’s side. While these petitions failed, the Chartist movement tried to push their strongest, most coherent effort to the Parliament in 1839: their very own â€Å"People’s Charter†. The goal of the â€Å"People’s Charter† according to Chartism was meant to create a people oriented government rather than an aristocratic one and was meant to transform the social and economic system for the better. When presented to the House of Commons on June 1839, the Charter had over 1.25 million signatures. The Charter was based off of six main principles. According to the United Kingdom Parliament website, these six principles were: All men have the right to vote (universal manhood suffrage), voting should be by secret ballot Parliamentary elections should happen every year rather than once every 5 years, constituencies should be of equal size, Members of Parliament should be paid, and the idea to abolish property requirement for becoming a Member of Parliament. However, government was so over the Chartist movement that they arrested the speakers of the Chartist groups, and the police busted into the working man’s homes. They forbade the formation of secr et groups, and martial law was promptly proclaimed in London. This caused the people to riot, but the police quickly shut these riots down. Like every other petition of the working man, the â€Å"People’s Charter† was rejected. The rejection came by a huge majority which took place after these riots and arrests. The rejection of the Charter proved that the working man could not ally himself with the aristocrats, and that they are a nation divided. This was how John Barton felt after he witnessed the rejection of the Charter in Mary Barton. Chapter Nine of Mary Barton began with the return of John Barton. While Mary was extremely happy to see her father and greeted him cheerfully, the fatigued and wet John sat down by the fire to dry off. She tried to cheer her father up, but to no avail. She then heard the political news of that day: the â€Å"People’s Charter† was rejected in London, and â€Å"that Parliament had refused to listen to the working men† (Gaskell, 143). Mary understood her father’s grief and sadness, and pressed his hand to show support. An hour later, John spoke to Mary about his trip to London. While in the Parliamentary house, he explained that for breakfast there were â€Å"mutton kidneys, and sausages, and broiled ham, and fried beef and onions;†, and it was â€Å"more like a dinner nor a breakfast† (Gaskell, 145). John also noted how fancy London was, specifically how nice the carriages were outside the Queen’s house and the people riding them. He exp lained that â€Å"Some o’ the gentlemen as couldn’t get inside (the carriages) hung on behind, wi’ nosegays to smell at, and sticks to keep off folk as might splash their silk stockings† (Gaskell, 146). While his trip to London was swell aside from the rejection of the Charter, his home life was not as swell. John Barton’s early life was not the easiest. His parents had suffered in the poverty and his mother died from â€Å"absolute want of the necessaries of life† (Gaskell, 55). Despite this, John was a good worker with a confident attitude and believed he could supply his wants and needs if he worked hard enough. However, as the introduction states, this was not the case. When his master Mr. Hunter had failed, he only had a few shillings to his name, he went from factory to factory looking for work. Unfortunately, he was turned down at every factory. During that time, his son â€Å"the apple of his eye, the cynosure of his strong power of love, fell ill of the scarlet fever† (Gaskell, 56). Doctors explained to Barton that they only way he would survive is with proper nourishment. â€Å"Mocking words!† (Gaskell, 56) the novel exclaims, as there was no food in the house that would come close to a meal. John also grew hungry, but was more consumed with the anxie ty he had for his son. He went into town and passed by a shop displaying many delectables, such as â€Å"haunches of venison, Stilton cheese, moulds of jelly all appetising sights to the common passer-by† (Gaskell, 56). As he is admiring the food, Mrs. Hunter, exited the shop and went into her carriage followed by the shopkeep carrying enough food for a party. When John returned home, he found his son dead, â€Å"to see his boy only a corpse† (Gaskell, 56). Clearly, there are many contrasts between the aristocrats and the working man. The rich feast daily and ride in nice carriages wearing beautiful silk, while John the working man and his fellow Chartists lived in a constant state of hunger, had very little worth to their name, and could arrive home to a dead family member at a moment’s notice. This comparison was portrayed while John was in front of the shop displaying the delacacies. While John was staring at the food he was too poor to have, the wife of the master that failed him walked out with enough food for a party. Furthermore when the working men -who live in these basically unlivable conditions and constantly are at the will of their ruthless masters- tried to ask the Parliament to make their lives and working conditions better, they are turned down. After examining the historical evidence and John Barton’s strife, it is still clear that the Chartist lesson, as Chartism eloquently states, is â€Å"that the lead ers of the proletariat cannot with impunity ally themselves with the bourgeoisie, and that the only guarantee of success lies in keeping live contact with the masses.† (Carlyle, 65). This means, as stated before, that the astristocracy and masters do not care for the working man or their needs and conditions. The lesson also implies that Parliament was on the side of the rich, and that their main focus was on capitalism rather than the well being of those who contributed to said capitalism. John Barton lost his son, other workers were killed by the cotton machine spinners, and the masses starve while the bourgeoisie enjoyed their mutton, ornate clothing, and their health. When reading Mary Barton, it is important to note this distinction between social classes and understand how detrimental the divide is for the Bartons and their companions. This divide kept the Bartons and their fellow working men hungry and on the verge of death each day. The Chartist lesson was a hard one to learn, and unfortunately the workers who had to learn it, including John Barton, suffered for years and decades to come, even though all they wanted was basic human necessities and some food on the table. At the very least wanted to keep their beloved children alive to succeed them, but even that was a stretch to ask for. To compare John’s strife to the real world, it is important to speak out against manufacturing injustices when they occur, like sweatshops for example. Find ways to help these people now so that they do not suffer as the many families in England did back then. Works Cited Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. â€Å"Chartism.† Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, Inc., 8 Feb. 2018, www.britannica.com/event/Chartism-British-history.Carlyle, Thomas. â€Å"Chartism.† Google Books, books.google.com/books?hl=enlr=id=-78KAQAAMAAJoi=fndpg=PA1dq=chartismots=iXHFRX1IoBsig=uvMq8ururb1qnrJMAtWoZhuzou4#v=onepageq=chartismf=false.Rothstein, Th. â€Å"From Chartism to Labourism.† GIPE, Dhananjayano Gsdgil Library, dspace.gipe.ac.in/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10973/22195/GIPE-008465.pdf?sequence=3.â€Å"The Proceedings of the Old Bailey.† Crime and Justice Trial Procedures Central Criminal Court, www.oldbaileyonline.org/static/Coinage.jsp.â€Å"Chartists.† Www.parliament.uk, UK Parliament, www.parliament.uk/about/living-heritage/transformingsociety/electionsvoting/chartists/overview/chartistmovement/.

Argumentative Essay On Marijuana - 1203 Words

Marijuana, also known as cannabis, is referred to as many different names by people from different parts of the world. It is used for both medical and recreational purposes. Smoking marijuana, eating it within foods, vaporizing it, and using it as an extract are some of the ways individuals consumed it. Some people use Marijuana because of the physical and mental effects it has on the physical body. After consuming marijuana, a person experiences feelings like heightened mood, increase in appetite, change in opinion, and euphoria. When smoked, the impact is often experienced after a few minutes, but when cooked or eaten one can take thirty to sixty minutes to experience any effect. Marijuana has a short-term and a long-term impact on†¦show more content†¦According to Steven Belenko and Cassia Spohn, these psychoactive characteristics have a detrimental impact on individuals of society. More often than not, they hinder progress, and this may lead to stagnation among the most affected groups, which in this case comprises of adolescents and young adults. The division and conflict in the discourses concerning the drug arise from the societal impact marijuana has in America with statistics showing that approximately 48% of the populace above the age of twelve is involved in substance abuse. On the other hand, some studies posit acute consumption of this drug results in the production of dopamine in the brain that is responsible for the development of addictive tendencies (Belenko, and Spohn 24). It is important to consider that marijuana is already classified under the Schedule 1 drugs, as stipulated by the Controlled Substance Act. Therefore, efforts to legalize its consumption will impede the endeavors of the government on its war against drugs. In the contemporary world, the increase in crime in America has been linked to substance abuse, with marijuana being one of the dominant drugs in the market together with cocaine and heroin. There have been numer ous cases where families and communities have become devastated because of the bearing cost of excessive marijuana consumption. Recently, the states ofShow MoreRelatedArgumentative Essay : Legalization Of Marijuana1387 Words   |  6 PagesAmanda Montoya April 14, 2014 Kathy severance Argumentative essay #2 Legalization of Marijuana Marijuana has been used in religious ceremonies or for medical purposes for thousands of years. I have always been against the use of Marijuana up until four years ago when my husband at the age of twenty seven underwent invasive surgery on his knee and has never been the same since. 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Styles of leadership would only be applicable based on factors such as the culture - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 15 Words: 4482 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? Executive Summary There are various motivational theories and styles of leadership which are being practiced by organizations worldwide. Certain motivational theories and styles of leadership would only be applicable based on factors such as the culture within which the organization operates. Sri Lanka being a country where power culture has been dominant has to follow less flexible, more extreme motivational theories and styles of leadership such as McGregors XY Theory and Autocratic or Authoritarian Leadership style respectively. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Styles of leadership would only be applicable based on factors such as the culture" essay for you Create order It has been identified that there are various advantages and disadvantages of pursuing certain leadership styles. However, it is clear that independent of the style of leadership used, if the leader is an effective leader, this would be a great strength for an organization. Standard Chartered Bank having reported seven successive years of record income and continuous expansion of market share, despite the existing global economic condition, has been recognized as one of the worlds leading banks. The success is entirely a result of the effort of employee groups and leaders of the bank who have been exposed to a unique culture which has been brought up at the bank. Table of Contents Table of Figures Introduction An organization can be defined as a group of individuals working together to achieve a common goal or objective. To achieve these common goals and objectives an organization would require leadership as well as motivation. There are various styles of leadership and motivational theories which are practiced by organizations in order to achieve the desired result. Above all, effective leadership could be identified as one of the best motivational factors. An extensive analysis regarding Standard Chartered Bank has been done with the purpose of analyzing functions of groups, teams and leadership within organizations. Standard Chartered PLC is a British financial services company headquartered in London, England with operations in more than seventy countries. It operates a network of over 1,700 branches and outlets (including subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures) and employs 80,000 people. Despite its British base, it has few customers in the United Kingdom and around 90% o f its profits come from Asia, Africa, and the Middle East. Motivational Theories and Leadership Motivation could be defined as a psychological process where internal and external factors influence a person to be continuously interested in pursuing and achieving goals. It could be said that motivation influences a persons behaviour at work and ultimately how he performs during the job. There are various motivational theories followed by organizations to motivate their employees and some of these theories are discussed below. Motivational Theories Douglas McGregors Theory X and Theory Y Douglas McGregor has developed two models which are known as Theory X and Theory Y. These two theories were formulated through examination of theories on individual behaviour at work. Douglas McGregors Theory X states that an average human being dislikes work, prefers to be directed, avoids responsibility, has little or no ambition, works for money and mainly security. Theory X has given rise to two management approaches, which are the soft and hard approach. Under the soft management approach, managers seek harmony with the employees under the impression that employees would cooperate with them when necessary. Where, under the hard management approach an employee has to be coerced, controlled, directed and threatened till the expected result it achieved. However, it should be noted that none of the extremes are suitable as employees require more than monetary rewards, they require fulfilling their higher order needs. It is understood the main reason for organizations to u se this approach is to ensure that employees behave in the expected manner. Theory Y, unlike Theory X looks at an average human being from a more optimistic angle. Theory Y states that an average human being likes work, directs himself, accepts and seeks responsibility. Theory Y would be more valid and is used by organizations as this would result in higher levels of motivation for employees through matching organizational goals with personal goals. Further, this would lead to employee empowerment as creativity and opportunity to exercise initiative is allowed. Maslows Hierarchy of Needs Theory Maslows Hierarchy of Needs Theory speaks of five groups of basic needs which usually motivate behaviour in many cultures. These basic needs are Physiological, Safety, Social, Esteem Needs and Self Actualization. Figure (Maslows Hierarchy of Needs) In Maslows Hierarchy of Needs Theory, once a need has been satisfied, the desire to satisfy a higher need rises. Hence, a person would be motivated to perform better. Organizations would use this theory to decide on what type of motivation needs to be given to its employees. Organizations use this theory by identifying, Behaviour of an individual at a given moment depends on his strongest need Physiological needs have the highest strength and a majority of employees would work to satisfy this level only An unsatisfied need acts as a motivation factor Once a need is satisfied the desire to achieve a higher order need rises A satisfied need would no longer act as a motivation factor ERG Theory ERG Theory resembles Maslows Hierarchy of Needs Theory. ERG Theory has three groups of needs. Where the first group would be Existence Needs (i.e. physical and material wants), second group would be Relatedness Needs (i.e. desire for interpersonal relationships) and third group would be Growth Needs (i.e. desire to be creative and productive). However, unlike Maslows Hierarchy of Needs Theory, the ERG Theory states, if frustrated in trying to satisfy Growth Needs, Relatedness Needs will re-emerge (frustration regression process). Organizations would use ERG theory to help them identify their employees dynamic needs and help the organizations to understand why employees have such dynamic needs (i.e. once satisfaction progression occurs the needs change and once frustration regression occurs needs change once again). Herzberg Two Factor Theory or Motivation Hygiene Theory Herzberg after carrying out many surveys concluded that to understand employee satisfaction or dissatisfaction work had to be divided into two categories. Motivation Factors: Factors which are strong contributors to job satisfaction. Hygiene Factors: Factors which are not strong contributors to job satisfaction but which must be present to meet an employees expectations and prevent job dissatisfaction. Hygiene Factors: Job security Relations with others Physical working conditions Company policies Pay Quality of supervision Motivation Factors: Achievement Responsibility Recognition Opportunities for personal growth Promotion opportunities Organizations use Herzbergs Two Factor Theory firstly to identify if their employees hygiene factors are met through which an assessment could be made regarding whether the employee is satisfied with the job or not. If not, the organization can identify which factors need to be adjusted so that this may alleviate job dissatisfaction. However, to motivate someone to perform better or to increase satisfaction motivation factors must be addressed by the organization. Using this theory, an organization would be able to identify which form of motivation would be necessary to motivate an employee as motivation factors relate to the nature of the work itself and the way the employee performs it. It should be further noted that this theory has a twofold approach of eliminating dissatisfiers and enhancing satisfiers. Victor Vrooms Expectancy Theory According to Victor Vrooms Expectancy Theory employees will work hard to achieve rewards that they values and that they consider obtainable. Further, Victor Vroom states that an employee will be motivated to exert a high level of effort to obtain reward under three conditions. The employee believes that his or her efforts will result in acceptable performance. The employee believes that acceptable performance will lead to the desired outcome or reward. The employee values the reward. (Karen Collins, 2007 cited in Flatworld Knowledge, n.d) Figure (Expectancy Theory Model) (Karen Collins, 2007 cited in Flatworld Knowledge, n.d) Organizations would use this theory as it would help the organization to understand and interpret, How employees decide to work The effect of planned rewards programs The effect of such planned rewards on the productivity of employees Sri Lanka is a country within which power culture is dominantly seen not only within society but also within organizations. As a result of this culture which has not changed much throughout the years, work force of an organization would naturally await orders from the top and are not interested to take initiative in most situations even when given the chance. Hence, when considering motivational theories which are now widely practiced through the world where a technique of motivating employees in a natural manner is used, it could be understood that such motivational theories if applied within organizations of the country may not result in the expected outcome. Based on this information it is possible to arrive at the conclusion that the m ost suitable motivational theory to be used by organizations operating within Sri Lanka is McGregors XY Theory where Theory X assumptions have to be used. Leadership Leadership Styles Leadership could be defined as a relationship through which one person influences the behaviour or actions of other people. There are various factors which should be considered when selecting a style of leadership. For example, nature of task (i.e. Urgency, Complexity), type of people being led (i.e. Maturity, Technical Experience, Competence), etc. There are mainly three types of leadership. The Authoritarian or Autocratic Style: A leader exercising this style would make decisions alone without advice from their followers and would state what has to be done and how. Such a style would be suitable in an occasion when all the required information to solve a problem is available, there is a lack of time and the employees are well motivated. The Participative or Democratic Style: A leader exercising this style would involve employees in the decision making process. The leadership functions are shared with members of the group resulting in greater interactions within the group . The group members have a greater say in decision making, determination of policy, implementation of systems and procedures. (Laurie J. Mullins 2007, p. 371) However, it should be noted that the leader maintains the final decision making authority. A Laissez Faire (Genuine) Style or Delegative Style: A leader exercising this style would allow the employees to make decisions after observing how employees work on their own. This is done when employees are able to analyze a situation and decide what has to be done and how. However, the leader would still be responsible for the decisions made. Beyond these leadership styles, it should be understood that leadership behaviour could either be directive or supportive. Advantages and Disadvantages of Leadership Styles Leadership Style Advantages Disadvantages The Authoritarian or Autocratic Style More group productivity while leader watches Decision making process is quicker as the leader makes the decision individually The organization may respond to danger quickly The level of dependence on the leader increases The level of hostility among employees may increase Work force may dislike being ordered around resulting in employee de-motivation The Participative or Democratic Style A positive work environment could develop Motivates creative thinking Reduces employee turnover as a result of less friction between the work force and the leaders Slower decision making Arguments may arise A Laissez Faire (Genuine) Style or Delegative Style Results in employee empowerment Promotes independent thinking Motivates creativity Employees can misuse the freedom given to them and perform poorly Figure (Advantages and Disadvantages of Leadership Styles) Leadership and Motivation Distinguished An authoritarian or autocratic leadership style is followed when employees are dependant and resist change. The efficiency of such employees would be low. Through high levels of supervision, command and control which is exercised by such leaders would motivate employees mainly in three forms. They are, Peer Motivated: As employees would like to be like others Authority Motivated: As employees would follow policies Threat and Fear Motivated: As employees would react to force When a participative or a democratic leadership style is followed there would be greater interaction within the group and hence the personality and efficiency of employees depends on the leaders skills and the work environment which he has created. When following such a leadership style, employees would be motivated in three forms. They are, Goal Motivated: As employees may recognize some opportunity Reward Motivated: As employees would recognize some opportunity for some material reward Rec ognition Motivated: As employees would recognize an opportunity for change in social status A Laissez Faire or delegative style is followed when employees take up leadership, thrive on change or opportunity, are independent and are achievers. Such employees would be very efficient compared to employees under other leadership styles. Leaders following this style would have limited supervision and would delegate decision making responsibility to employees. When following such a leadership style, employees would be motivated in two forms. They are, Self Motivated and Team Motivated: As employees are allowed to practice creativity When the above three types of leadership and motivation associated with them are analyzed, naturally a participative or a democratic leadership style is best to follow because in a team-motivated environment, dependant employees will be inspired and will strive to be acceptable with independent thinking co-workers. However, as it was mentioned bef ore, due to the culture element of the country work force of an organization would naturally await orders from the top and are not interested to take initiative. Therefore, a leadership style where high levels of supervision, command and control is practiced would be more applicable for such an environment meaning, the most suitable leadership style to motivate employees within organizations would be the authoritarian or autocratic leadership style. Effective Leaders; A paramount to an Organization It could be said that effective leaders are the key for success of any organization. There are many characteristics an effective leader should have. Based on the information given below it is possible to understand that an effective leader is strength to an organization in many aspects. Given below are five factors which make an effective leader a paramount to an organization, An effective leader would be able to influence and inspire people to accomplish a goal, or an objective of an organization. It should be understood that leadership is not about power and has no relationship with driving employees to accomplish their tasks and duties out of fear. It should further be understood that an effective leader would help to encourage or motivate other employees to take up leadership, forming a successful and a powerful workforce. An effective leader would be a visionary person meaning awareness of organizational goals, objectives and vision. Only if employees see that their lead er is aware of the direction which he must head they will follow him. This could be an advantage to an organization as such a person would be able to lead the employees of the organization in such a manner that they would achieve organizational goals and objectives. An effective leader would be a trustworthy person. It should be understood that trust if a leader is trustworthy his employees would have confidence in him even at tough times. Hence, it should be understood that if an organization has such a leader who has good relationships, is trustworthy and follows ethical standards that this would be a massive strength for the organization as this could be considered the base for an effective organization. Further, this would help the organization to develop a good impression through the community in which it operates. An effective leader would be able to communicate the organizational goals, objective, vision, knowledge and technical expertise to the organizations employees. This would help the employees of the organization to become effective too as they would gain the required knowledge, skills and an idea about organizational goals, objectives and vision. An effective leader would be able to make successful decisions based on intuition. This could lead an organization to success as at times there may be a need to make decisions quickly which maybe of very high importance and value when time for gathering information may be very limited. Groups, Teams and Leadership It is no secret that behind the success of Standard Chartered Bank, the staff of the bank has played a very important role. Effective leadership and well motivated staff has been the key for this excellent performance. To support and improve leadership development within the bank, Standard Chartered Bank now has seven core leadership development programs along with feedback programs such as the 360 feedback tool. Standard Chartered Bank gives special consideration not only for leadership but also for aspects such as employee relations, team building, culture and values, etc. Nature of Groups and Team Roles Nature of Groups A group could be defined as a collection of people who interact with each other over time in order to reach goals. These groups can either be formal or informal, where both types of these groups are seen at Standard Chartered Bank. One note worthy feature of these groups at Standard Chartered Bank is that the groups consist of individuals who come from various backgrounds, cultures and have different skills. However, Standard Chartered Bank has made sure that no conflict among bank staff occurs but instead understanding and development in multiple fields occurs; great example for this will be the employee exchange program (first time in 2008, between India and China) which the bank launched recently. Through this approach, Standard Chartered Bank has been able to, Align teams with business vision and objectives Build staff engagement and commitment Create opportunities for open and courageous conversations Clarify dependencies Accelerate high performance by leveragin g strengths Team Roles A team role is, a pattern of behaviour, characteristic of the way in which one team member interacts with another whose performance serves to facilitate the progress of the team as a whole. (Laurie J. Mullins 2007, p.332) As Belbin has stated, even though there are nine team roles, it is rare to find members who are strong in all nine team roles. Standard Chartered Bank too has recognized this and in order to build up teams who are skilled in multiple ways the bank follows job rotation programs and also as it was mentioned above employee exchange programs. Through the employee exchange program or rather the talent exchange program the bank expects to forge stronger working relationships and cultural understanding between the two strategically important markets All our development is based on the philosophy of being a strengths-based organisation. We encourage individuals, managers and teams to identify and focus on their distinctive talents, and constantly challenge them to a chieve more with them. We recognise that individual strengths are unique, and that each employee will deliver in a role in a different way. (Standard Chartered Bank, 2009) As it is quoted above, the bank encourages recognition of individual strengths through which the bank expects to achieve greater strengths. Through the interaction of individuals of such nature the bank expects to develop a highly talented work force through team work. Even though an individual member may not be highly talented he will be motivated to achieve and develop new strengths when he would be allowed to interact with people talented in multiple fields. Therefore, it could be understood that team roles play a vital part in the development process of the bank. Stages of Team Building Given below are the stages of team building or team development, Forming formalities are preserved and members are treated as strangers (polite but untrusting). Storming members start to communicate their feelings but probably still view themselves as part of their parent department rather than part of the team. They attack others insular attitudes while guarding their own (testing others). Norming people feel part of the team and realise that they can achieve work if they accept other viewpoints (valuing other types). Performing the team works in an open and trusting atmosphere where flexibility is the key and hierarchy is of little importance (flexibility from trust). (Carter McNamara, 1999) The above four stages of team building or development are very evident at Standard Chartered Bank. The initial two stages would be very clearly seen at the beginning when an employee would be newly selected and/or when they switch branches (consider the employee talent e xchange program for example). However, as time passes by (a period of three months for the employee talent exchange program) employees would learn about each other, would value each other especially their culture and would be able to perform with flexibility which would build up from trust. An example for the last stages of the team building process would be when top executives frequently fill in for one another, whether leading regional celebrations, representing Standard Chartered Bank at key external events, or initiating internal dialogues with employees. They make their collaborative behaviour visible through extensive travel and photos of leaders from varied sites working together. Beyond the above mentioned four team development stages, there is one additional step which is known as adjourning. This would mean disbanding of the group due to completion of a task, members leaving the organization or moving on to other tasks. Team Cohesiveness It is one of the main responsibilities of a leader to ensure that the members of his work group cooperate so that the work group would be able to achieve the expected results. It is clear that cooperation among members of work groups is likely to be greater in a cohesive group resulting in beneficial effects for the organization. There are many factors which affect group cohesiveness. These factors could be categorized under four major headings as shown in the diagram below. Figure (Factors Contributing to Group Cohesiveness Performance) (Laurie J. Mullins 2007, p.307) Even though it is stated that there are disadvantages of cohesive groups such disadvantages have been minimized at Standard Chartered Bank through the unique culture which has been bread. The disadvantages of cohesive groups have been overwritten by the advantages of cohesive groups at Standard Chartered Bank resulting in an overall positive outcome. These groups have helped the bank through increased inter action between members of diverse cultures and ethnicities, growth of skills and knowledge of members through mutual help, lower turnover as the member feels that the organization has become a part of him, etc. Motivational Tools and Techniques Standard Chartered Bank follows a range of methods to encourage or motivate their employees. Motivation at Standard Chartered Bank takes place through, Learning and Development: Learning and Development process at Standard Chartered Bank starts once an employee joins the bank and this will continue till the employee resigns the organization. Standard Chartered Bank uses advance new technology to make this process an interesting one and gives encouragement for members to participate. Examples for Learning and Development at Standard Chartered Bank: Right Start, Job rotation, Talent Exchange, Core Leadership Development, 360 feedbacks etc. Employee Relations: Standard Chartered Bank follows an approach where it would deal with employees on an individual basis rather than a collective basis. This approach focuses on direct communication, managing organisational change and involving and motivating employees. Reward and Recognition: There are two elements to remuneration within Standard Chartered Bank; an annual salary and a performance based element. At Standard Chartered Bank performance would not mean just achieving goals instead it means how employees demonstrate the banks unique culture and values in their working lives. Employees would receive individual ratings but those with lowest values of ratings will not receive any performance related bonus even if they have achieved their final targets. Great Working Environment Other Facilities: Standard Chartered Bank has an environment which could be stated as one of the best environments to work at. The structures have been constructed according to expected standards and latest technology has been used where possible. Further, the bank provides other facilities, such as the day care centre where various forms of education would be given for the children of the employees, freeing the employees from the burden of worrying about their children during working hours. Impact of Technology on Team Building It is clear that technological changes have enabled Standard Chartered Bank to achieve new heights in many fields. When considering team building, as it was mentioned above in the previous section, Standard Chartered Bank uses technology right from the beginning of an employees career. Right Start is the new induction process which the bank uses for new employees. It is clear, that even this simple step will help the organization to develop better teams within shorter time periods resulting in more effective outcome. Hence, it is understood that technology has a massive impact on team building process. Our induction process for new employees was enhanced during the year with the launch of a new online virtual world. The Right Start Learning Journey offers access to critical information about our history, core businesses and supporting functions, sustainability agenda and much more in a fun and interactive way. New employees can visit the site, which was created by our Learning a nd Development Team, as often as they like while a discussion forum allows them to communicate with other new recruits. (Standard Chartered Bank, 2009) It should further be understood, that this same process of new employees getting to know other employees and building up successful teams would have been a very slow process causing possible inefficiencies for the organization in indirect ways. Even though technology has had its positive impact on the team building process it could be said that there are drawbacks if excessive technology is used as it may decrease person to person interactions resulting in lower awareness or understanding regarding one another. However, this situation is not yet seen at Standard Chartered Bank as the bank arranges certain social events where employees can get to know each other better, independent of their position at the bank. Conclusion Due to the strong cultural effect persisting within Sri Lanka, employees would naturally require high levels of supervision, command and control resulting in the usage of leadership styles such as authoritarian or autocratic leadership and extreme motivational theories such as McGregors XY Theory (Theory X assumptions), neither of which could not be considered as the best choice. To overcome this situation, changes to the culture within the organization could be done through an eventual process and in such a manner that employees would not feel threatened. Further, it could be understood that an effective leader could bring about the desired change even in such a culture. Behind every successful organization there would always be a highly talented and committed work force as at Standard Chartered Bank. Based on the information which was stated in the body of the report, it was possible to arrive at the conclusion that due to the unique culture which has been brought up at Standa rd Chartered Bank where technology and many other elements have played an important role, every employee would have an opportunity to either be an excellent team player or to be an excellent leader. To further improve, the bank can integrate more team based discussions and such activities where technology could be used in a balanced manner.

Crimes and Trials of Lyle and Erik Menendez

In 1989, brothers Lyle and Erik Menendez used a 12-gauge shotgun to murder their parents, Jose and Kitty Menendez. The trial received national attention because it had all the elements of a Hollywood movie — wealth, incest, parricide, infidelity, and murder. Jose Menendez Jose Enrique Menendez was 15 years old when his parents sent him to the US from Cuba after Castro took over. Influenced by his parents, who were both champion athletes in Cuba, Jose also developed into a good athlete and later attended Southern Illinois University on a swimming scholarship. At the age of 19, he met and married Mary Kitty Anderson and the couple moved to New York. There he earned an accounting degree from Queens College in Flushing, New York. Once out of college his career soared. He proved to be a highly focused, competitive, success-driven employee. His climb up the ladder eventually led to a lucrative position in the entertainment industry with RCA as an executive vice president and chief operating officer. During this time Jose and Kitty had two boys, Joseph Lyle, born January 10, 1968, and Erik Galen, born November 27, 1970. The family moved to a prestigious home in Princeton, New Jersey, where they enjoyed comfortable country-club living. In 1986, Jose left RCA and transferred to Los Angeles where he accepted the position of President of Live Entertainment, a division of Carolco Pictures. Jose earned a reputation as being a heartless, tough numbers cruncher, which turned an unprofitable division into a moneymaker within a year. Although his success brought him a certain level of respect, there were also many people who worked for him that completely despised him. Kitty Menendez For Kitty, the West Coast move was disappointing. She loved her life in New Jersey and struggled to fit into her new world in Los Angeles. Originally from Chicago, Kitty grew up in a broken middle-class home. Her father was physically abusive to his wife and children. They divorced after he left to be with another woman. Her mother never seemed to get over the failed marriage. She suffered from depression and deep resentments. Throughout high school, Kitty was sullen and withdrawn. It was not until she attended Southern Illinois University that she seemed to grow and develop self-esteem. In 1962, she won a beauty pageant, which also seemed to bolster her confidence. In her senior year of college, she met Jose and fell in love. She was three years older than he was, and a different race, which at that time was frowned upon. When Jose and Kitty decided to marry, both their families were against it. Kittys parents felt the racial issue would lead to unhappiness and Joses parents thought that he was only 19 and too young to marry. They also did not like that Kittys parents were divorced. So the two eloped and soon afterward headed to New York. Kitty turned away from her future goals and went to work as a schoolteacher while Jose finished college. It seemed to pay off in some ways after his career took off, but in other ways, Kitty lost herself and became completely dependent on her husband. She spent much of her time tending to the boys and waiting on Jose when he was home. When she discovered that Jose had a mistress and that the relationship had lasted over six years, she was devastated. He later admitted to cheating on her with several women throughout their marriage. Like her mother, Kitty never seemed to get over Joses infidelities. She too became bitter, depressed and even more dependent. Now, having moved across the  country, she had lost the network of friends that she had in the northeast and felt isolated. After having children Kitty gained weight and she lacked style in her clothing and general appearance. Her taste in decorating was poor and she was a bad housekeeper. All of this made acceptance in the affluent Los Angeles circles a challenge. On the outside, the family looked close-knit, like a perfect family, but there were internal struggles that took its toll on Kitty. She no longer trusted Jose and then there was the trouble with the boys. Calabasas The San Fernando Valley suburb called Calabasas is an upper-middle-class area and where the Menendez moved to after leaving New Jersey. Lyle had been accepted into Princeton University and did not move with the family until months later. During Lyles first semester at Princeton, he was caught plagiarizing an assignment and was suspended for one year. His father attempted to sway Princetons president, but without success. At this point, Jose and Kitty were both aware that the boys were incredibly spoiled. They got most everything that they wanted — great cars, designer clothing, money to blow and in exchange, and all they had to do was live under the strict controls of their father. Since Lyle was thrown out of Princeton, Jose decided it was time for him to learn some life lessons and he put him to work at LIVE. Lyle was not interested. He wanted to go to UCLA and play tennis, not go to work. However, Jose would not allow it and Lyle became a LIVE employee. Lyles work ethic was similar to how he acted towards most things — lazy, disinterested, and leaned on daddy to get him through it. He was constantly late for work and ignored assignments or would just take off to go play tennis. When Jose found out, he fired him. July 1988 With two months to kill before returning to Princeton, Lyle, 20 and Erik now 17, began burglarizing their friends parents homes. The amount of money and jewelry that they stole amounted to around $100,000. After they were caught, Jose saw that Lyles chances to return to Princeton would be over if he was convicted, so with the help of a lawyer, he manipulated it so that Erik would take the fall. In exchange, the brothers would have to go for counseling and Erik was required to do community service. Jose also forked out $11,000 to the victims. Kittys psychologist, Les Summerfield, recommended psychologist Dr. Jerome Oziel as a  good choice for Erik to see for counseling. As far as the Calabasas community went, not very many people wanted anything more to do with the Menendez family. In response, the family headed to Beverly Hills. 722 North Elm Drive After being humiliated out of Calabasas by his sons, Jose purchased a spectacular $4 million mansion in Beverly Hills. The house had marble floors, six bedrooms, tennis courts, a swimming pool, and a guesthouse. Previous occupants included Prince, Elton John, and a Saudi prince. Erik changed schools and began attending Beverly Hills High and Lyle returned to Princeton. The switch was probably difficult for Erik, who had managed to develop some friendships at Calabasas high school. Being the younger brother, Erik seemed to idolize Lyle. They had a deep bond that excluded others and as children, they often played exclusively together. Academically, the boys were average and even that level was hard for them to maintain without the direct help from their mother. Teacher evaluations often included the suggestion that the boys homework was above the capability that they showed in class. In other words, someone was doing their homework for them. And they were right. Throughout Eriks entire time in school, Kitty would do his homework. About the only thing Erik was good at was tennis, and at that, he excelled. He was the number one ranked player on the schools team. In high school, with Lyle no longer involved in his day-to-day life, Erik had his own friends. One good friend was the captain of the tennis team, Craig Cignarelli. Craig and Erik spent a lot of time together. They wrote a screenplay called Friends about a teen that saw his fathers will and went and killed him so he would inherit the money. No one at the time knew the implications of the plot. Spoiled Rotten By July 1989, things for the Menendez family continued to spiral downward. Lyle was on academic and disciplinary probation from Princeton after destroying property. He also tore up the golf course at the country club that the family belonged to, costing their membership to be suspended and thousands in repair cost that Jose paid. Erik spent his energy with failed attempts to make a name for himself in tennis. Jose and Kitty felt that they no longer could control the boys. In an attempt to get them to grow up and face some responsibility for their lives and their futures Jose and Kitty decided to use their will like a dangling carrot. Jose threatened to remove his sons from the will if they did not change the way they were living. Something Was Amiss Based on outside appearances, the remainder of the summer seemed to go better for the family. They were doing things together again as a family. But Kitty, for unknown reasons, did not feel safe around the boys. She spoke to her therapist about feeling fearful of her sons. She thought they were narcissistic sociopaths. At night she kept her doors locked and two rifles nearby. The Murders On August 20, 1989, at around midnight, the Beverly Hills police received a 9-1-1 call from Lyle Menendez. Erik and Lyle had just returned home after going to the movies and found their parents dead in the family room of their home. Both parents had been shot with 12-gauge shotguns. According to autopsy reports, Jose suffered explosive decapitation with evisceration of the brain and both his and Kittys faces were blown apart. Investigation The rumored theory about who murdered the Menendez was that it as a Mob hit, based partially on information from Erik and Lyle. However, if it was a mob hit, it was a definite case of overkill and the police were not buying it. Also, there were no shotgun casings at the murder site. Mobsters do not bother to clean up shell casings. What created more concern among the detectives was the tremendous amount of money the Menendez brothers were spending which began immediately after their parents were murdered. The list was long, too. Expensive cars, Rolex watches, restaurants, personal tennis coaches — the boys were on a spending roll. Prosecutors estimated that the brothers spent around a million dollars in six months. Big Break On March 5, 1990, seven months into the investigation, Judalon Smyth contacted the Beverly Hills police and informed them that Dr. Jerome Oziel had audio tapes of Lyle and Erik Menendez confessing to the murder of their parents. She also provided them information on where the shotguns were purchased and that the Menendez brothers had threatened to kill Oziel if he went to the police. At the time, Smyth was trying to end an alleged relationship with Oziel, when he asked her to pretend to be a patient at the office so that she could eavesdrop on a meeting he was having with the Menendez brothers. Oziel was afraid of the boys and wanted Smyth there to call police in case something happened. Because there was a threat on Oziels life, the patient-therapist confidentiality rule did not apply. Armed with a search warrant the police located the tapes in a safety deposit box and the information Smyth provided was confirmed. On March 8, Lyle Menendez was arrested near the family home, followed by the arrest of Erik who returned from a tennis match in Israel and turned himself into the police. The brothers were remanded without bail. They each hired their own lawyers. Leslie Abramson was Eriks lawyer and Gerald Chaleff was Lyles. The Arraignment The Menendez brothers had full support from most all of their relatives and during their arraignment, the atmosphere lacked the appropriate seriousness for what was taking place. The brothers strutted in like movie stars, smiled, and waved to their family and friends and snickered when the judge began to speak. Apparently, they found the serious tone of her voice humorous. You have been charged with multiple murder for financial gain, while lying in wait, with a loaded firearm, for which, if convicted, you could receive the death penalty. How do you plead? They both plead not guilty. It would take three years before their cases went to trial. The admissibility of the tapes became the big hold up. The California Supreme Court finally decided that some, but not all of the tapes were admissible. Unfortunately for the prosecution, the tape of Erik describing the murders was not allowed. The Trials The trial began on July 20, 1993, in the Van Nuys Superior Court. Judge Stanley M. Weisberg was presiding. He decided that the brothers would be tried together, but that they would have separate juries. Pamela Bozanich, the chief prosecutor, wanted the Menendez brothers to be found guilty and to get the death penalty. Leslie Abramson was representing Erik and Jill Lansing was Lyles lawyer. As flamboyant a lawyer as Abramson was, Lansing and her team were equally quiet and sharply focused. Court TV was also present in the room, filming the trial for its viewers. Both defense lawyers admitted that their clients did kill their parents. They then went about methodically trying to destroy the reputations of Jose and Kitty Menendez. They tried to prove that Menendez brothers had been sexually abused by their sadistic father throughout their lifetime and that their mother, when not participating in her own form of perverse abuse, turned her back on what Jose was doing to the boys. They said that the brothers murdered their parents out of fear that the parents were going to murder them. The prosecution simplified the reasons behind the murder stating that it was done out of greed. The Menendez brothers feared that they were going to get cut out of their parents will and lose out on millions of dollars. The murder was not a spur of the moment attack done out of fear, but rather one that was thought out and planned days and weeks before the fatal night. Both juries were unable to decide which story to believe and they came back deadlocked. The Los Angeles DAs office said they wanted a second trial immediately. They were not going to give up. The Second Trial The second trial was not as flamboyant as the first trial. There were no television cameras and the public had moved on to other cases. This time David Conn was the chief prosecutor and Charles Gessler represented Lyle. Abramson continued to represent Erik. Much of what the defense had to say had already been said and although the whole sexual abuse, incest  direction was disturbing to hear, the shock of hearing it was over. However, the prosecution dealt with the sexual abuse allegations and battered persons syndrome differently than how it was dealt with during the first trial. Bozanich did not address it at all, believing that the jury would not fall for it. Conn attacked it straight on and got Judge Weisberg to block the defense from saying that the brothers suffered from battered persons syndrome. This time the jury found both the Menendez brothers guilty of two counts of first-degree murder and conspiracy to commit murder. Shocking Moment During the penalty phase of the Menendez trial, Dr. William Vicary, who was Eriks psychiatrist since his arrest, admitted that Leslie Abramson asked him to rewrite portions of his notes that were being reviewed because it could be harmful to Erik. He said she called the information prejudicial and out of bounds. One section that was removed pertained to Eriks saying that his fathers homosexual lover told Erik and Lyle that their parents were planning to kill them. Erik told Vicary that the whole thing was a lie. The fact that Abramson had asked the doctor to remove incriminating comments could have cost her her career, but it also could have caused a mistrial. The judge did not allow that to happen and the sentencing phase continued. Sentencing On July 2, 1996, Judge Weisberg sentenced Lyle and Erik Menendez to life in prison without the possibility of parole. The brothers were later sent to separate prisons. Lyle was sent to North Kern State Prison and Erik was sent to the California State Prison.